Words in Swedenborg
and their meanings in modern English
by Frank Rose

This is the beginnings of a vocabulary to assist the reader in understanding the writings of Emanuel Swedenborg.

This document contains selected portions of the above booklet, which was first published in 1985 by the General Church Publications Committee in Bryn Athyn PA.

Entries will be made as the typist finds time. Requests E-mailed to the typist will have priority, followed by new or misleading words and introductory sections, then by the rest in alphabetical order. Text added by the typist or from other contributors will be enclosed in square brackets. This document will be restructured as it grows.


Introduction

The Writings of Swedenborg are full of truth and beauty. Even though he wrote so many years ago the teachings have not in the least faded. He wrote in simple and direct Latin. Within a short time after his death all of the theological works he had published were available in English and they have all remained in print to this day.

But the English poses many challenges to a modern reader. Some of this is due to the fact that Latin is a very different language. For one thing it is possible to write long sentences in Latin and have them still be understandable, whereas English works better with short sentences.

Vocabulary is another problem. Many of the words and phrases found in translations of Swedenborg are puzzling. The words may seem strange, or used in unusual ways. For one thing, Latin does not use the words "a", "an" or "the". It might make more sense in some cases to leave them out, or to interchange them. For another thing, adjectives are often used in Latin as nouns; this is why we find such words as "truths" and "internals."

Some words have a meaning that is commonly known, but are also used at times to mean something else. For example "read" can either have its usual meaning, or mean "recite". In the dictionary we give more than one meaning for such words. If the original word is repeated in the definitions, it is simply saying that it is used in the way the reader expects, plus the other uses listed. This little dictionary has been compiled to help readers get closer to the intended meaning.

The entries fall into various categories:

  1. Latin, Greek and Hebrew
  2. New words
  3. Misleading words
  4. Adjectives used as nouns
  5. Phrases (such as "the celestial of the spiritual")
  6. Words that are not used as much now as they used to be (the bulk of the entries in this dictionary are in this group)
  7. Mistranslations (in some cases the translator made an error and so the meaning can only be discovered by looking at the original Latin)

Not included: place names, anatomical words, diseases, people's names, and some unusual words from the Bible.

As I worked on this dictionary I found myself longing to see the day when the Writings of Swedenborg would be available in English as beautiful and simple as the Latin. I pray that this will offer some help until that day comes, in allowing more and more people to see past the clouds to the glory and sublime beauty within.

Frank Rose, Tucson, 1985

New Words

There are more than a dozen new words in Swedenborg's Writings, many of them appearing only a few times or in one particular translation. There are five frequently used:

CONJUGIAL CONTAINANT PROPRIUM SCORTATORY VASTATE

Misleading Words

There are many words that have a different meaning than the average reader would expect. Here are some of them:

    ACCIDENTAL       ADMIT          AFFECT           AFFECTION
    APPREHEND        ASSUMPTION     BRIDE            BRIDEGROOM
    BULL             CHARITY        CHASTE           CIRCUS
    COLDS            CONTINENT      CONTINUOUS       CONVENIENCE
    DEPRECATE        DETERMINE      EARTH            EFFICIENT
    ELATION          ENORMOUS       ENTHUSIASTIC     EXASPERATION
    EXCITE           EXPIRATION     EXPRESS          FAITH
    FANTASTIC        FORENSIC       GENII            GENIUS
    GENEROUS         GOODS          GYMNASIUM        HONESTY
    HUMOUR           IDEAL          ILLUSTRATION     IMMEDIATE 
    INFERIOR         INFIDELITY     INNOCENCE        INOCULATE
    INSINUATE        INTUITION      INTERCOURSE      JEALOUSY
    JUSTIFICATION    LASTS          LUXURY           MAN
    MATRIX           MEAN           MEAT OFFERING    MEDIUM
    MELANCHOLY       MEMORABILIA    MERE             MERITORIOUS
    MIND             NATIONS        NATURAL          NATURALIST
    NECTAR           NOBLE          OCCASION         OMEN
    ORCHESTRA        ORDER          ORDINATION       ORGAN
    PECULIAR         PLASTIC        POSTERIOR        PREDICATION
    PRESENTLY        PRIMATE        PRIMEVAL         PRIMITIVES
    PROPER TO        PROVE          PULSE            RATIONAL
    READ             REAL THINGS    REMAINS          RESUSCITATE
    SALUTE           SAVE           SCANDAL          SCIENCE
    SENSIBLE         SENSUOUS       SIMPLE           SIREN
    SKIRT            SOLEMN         SPONTANEOUS      STOCK
    STUPOR           SUCCEED        SUFFER HIMSELF   SWEETMEAT
    TABERNACLE       TEMPT          TEMPTATION       TENOR
    TIARA            TRANSCRIBE     TRANSLATE        TYPICAL
    ULTIMATE         VICAR          VIRTUE           VOLUPTUOUS
    VULGAR           WANT

Abbreviations used in this work:

adj.=adjective L=Latin n.=noun opp.=opposite pl.=plural prep.=preposition transl.=translated


Words in Swedenborg
and their meanings in modern English

Accidental
  1. incidental; non essential (L. ACCIDENTALIS);
  2. accidental (L. FORTUITUS)
Admit
allow something or someone to enter (not used to mean "confess" or "own up")
Affect (v.)
strive after
Affection
love; emotion; feeling; motivation; inclination; interest; being affected by something
Affection of
affection for
Affection of doing good
love of doing good
Affection of good
affection for good; love of good
Affection of knowing truth
love of knowing truth
Affection of truth
affection for truth; love of truth
Affection of uses
love of usefulness; love of useful activities
Affections
feelings of enjoyment; loves; desires
Affection of Mercy
feeling of mercy
Angel
person in heaven (note: in Swedenborg's Writings all angels are people who have lived in the natural world and entered heaven after death. In the early part of the Arcana Coelestia "angels" refer to angels of the highest heaven only. In later works "angels" are inhabitants of any heaven)
Apprehend
grasp; understand
Assume a Human
take on a human nature
Assumption
taking on
Charity
love of the neighbor
Chaste
having a pure and clean attitude towards sex (whether married or not)
Colds in Marriage
conditions of emotional coldness between married partners
Conjugial (n. pronounced "conju'jul")
  1. essential marriage principle
  2. positive attitude towards marriage;
  3. marriage of good and truth
Conjugial (adj.)
belonging to marriage and the love married partners have for each other; matrimonial
Congugial Chastity
chastity of married partners
Conjugial Conjunction of Good and Truth
bond like that of marriage between what is true and what is good
Conjugial Delight
sexual pleasure in marriage
Conjugial Friendship
friendship between married partners
Conjugial Sphere
sphere proceeding from God inspiring humans to marry, and animals to mate
Love Truly Conjugial
true marriage love
the Christian Conjugial
the Christian ideal of married love and monogamy
Conjugial Love
1. love married partners have for each other;
2. love of marriage (usually used of the spiritual bonds in a monogamous marriage
Faith
1. belief; conviction about what is true
2. trust; confidence
Good
goodness
Goods
1. good qualities; good things.
2. merchandise
Grand Man
  1. the form of the entire heavens as the body of the Lord;
  2. the Lord's entire kingdom including heaven and the church on earth;
  3. The Lord (also called the Greatest Man)
Innocence
willingness to be led by the Lord
Intercourse
interaction; association between
Intercourse Between the Soul and Body
interaction and relationship between soul and body
Justification
making right; making just; God's act of proclaiming the faithful to be just (not used to mean "excuse")
Man
1. human being; person (male or female) [from the Latin homo meaning a member of the human race]
2. aspect of an individual (for example: the Internal Man = the internal part of a person
[3. (also, sometimes) a male person, from the Latin vir]
Mind
spirit; mind (including all levels of love, feeling, thought, memory, etc.)
Natural
1. belonging to nature; worldy; earthly; (used mostly in contrast with "spiritual" rather than in contrast to "artificial")
2. lowest level of the spiritual world;
3. lowest level of the human mind
Own (n.)
the self; living from and for self; that which comes from self; selfhood; the feeling of self (usually transl. proprium; also transl. selfhood; and self-image) see under proprium for various combinations.
Proper to
belonging to
Its proper love
its own love
Proper power
its own power
Proprium
what is one's own; self; living from and for self; selfhood; the feeling of self (also transl. own, selfhood and self-image)
Real things
things that have a spiritual (not [just] a physical) reality
Resuscitate
raise from death into spiritual life
Sphere
atmosphere; aura; ball
Spiritual (adj.)
1. belonging to the spirit (with special emphasis on the quality of truth in contrast to the "celestial" which is a quality of goodness and love);
2. not natural; not external; higher level than the natural
Spiritual Love
love of the spirit; charity; mutual love based on a love of truth
Spiritual Man
1. person [of either sex] whose life is based on the truth; person who lives from higher principles than merely natural ones;
2. the intellectual part of a person
Spiritual Sense
spiritual meaning of the Scriptures; Scriptures as understood in the spiritual heaven (also called the Internal Sense)
Spiritual things
intellectual things; things of faith and charity
Spiritual Truth
truth about spiritual things; truth that comes from a spirit of goodness
Spiritual World
1. world where people live after death, including the three main divisions: heaven, hell, and the world of spirits;
2. inner world of people still living on earth
Tempt
try; test; attack (not used to mean "allure")
Temptation
trial; test; attack; combat (not used to mean "allurement")
Vastate
devastate; ruin.
Vastation
devastation; desolation.
World of Spirits
the world between heaven and hell where people go after death before going to the one or the other