The easiest way to find things in this document is to use the Find function of your browser. This is usually a / on AzTeC and under "Edit"; "Find" in a graphical browser.
Storing email addresses for reference (Aliases)
Activate links by number; Get Lynx info
Web key commands; tips re Bookmarks
Chet's Editor Key commands (more readable)
Moving the cursor around in CE
Uploading from PC to email area.
How to FTP by email; examples; tips
Storing email addresses for reference
Q. How can one store e-mail addresses for future correspondence,
in order to recall the one needed when preparing to write a
new letter?
A. One way is to use the "aliases" feature. From the main menu,
select the "Help Desk", near the end. (The option number
changes from time to time.) From the Help menu, select "Help
with mail" (#5), then "About Aliases" (#4), where there are
about 4 pages of helpful information.
When ready to make your own alias file, go the the post office
menu and select "Edit alias file" (#7).
Tip: It's to your advantage to use Chet's Editor (CE) as your
default editor, so that any time you edit your file, AzTeC
will invoke CE for your use. Without CE, you'll have only a
simple line editor, which won't let you edit previous
information. You'll have to start all over....
Answer info supplied by Bob Schaefer bobcat@aztec.asu.edu
Activate links by number; Get Lynx info
Q. While on the Web, I have to use the arrow keys to reach and
activate a desired link. Is there a simpler, more direct way
to do this?
A. Lynx offers a single-line menu at the bottom of the screen
when the user's on the Web. Choose "O)ptions", then select
"K)eypad". From the list shown there, you can choose to have
the links numbered. This lets you enter the number of the link
you want to activate. Yet you can still use the arrows as before.
If you choose this, be sure to save your chosen option from that
same screen before you leave it. Otherwise, you'll lose the
setting when you leave the Web.
Answer information given by chastity@aztec.asu.edu
Q. Apart from the help pages offered by AzTeC, where can other
Lynx help information be found?
A. a) Some of AzTeC's help pages may well have some outdated
information, given the improvements made since those pages
were first written. Still, much of their information is
helpful. Access them from AzTeC's homepage, selecting "Help
with the Lynx Browser":
www.aztec.asu.edu/aztecdoc/lynxhelp.html
For example, contrary to these pages, we do now have
bookmarks, saving, and the "go" command.
b) For those looking for other help, go to this site, called
Lynx User's Guide v. 2.6. [This may not be the same version
AzTeC is currently using.]
www.nyu.edu/pages/wsn/subir/lynx/lynx_help/Lynx_users_guide.html#TOC
Answer information given by chastity@aztec.asu.edu
Web key commands; tips re Bookmarks
Q. Is there a list of commands accessible while on the Web?
A. Yes. While on the Web, find the one-line menu at the bottom of
the screen. Press k (for "keys") to get this list:
Current Key Map (Lynx Version 2.5)
a ADD_BOOKMARK add to your personal bookmark list
b PREV_PAGE view the previous page of the document
c COMMENT send a comment to the author of the current document
d DOWNLOAD download the current link to your computer
e EDIT edit the current document
g GOTO go to a document given as a URL
h HELP display help on using the browser
i INDEX display an index of potentially useful documents
j JUMP go directly to a target document or action
k KEYMAP display the current key map
l LIST list references (links) in the current document
m MAIN_MENU return to the first screen (home page)
n NEXT search for the next occurence
o OPTIONS display and change option settings
p PRINT display choices for printing the current document
q QUIT quit the browser
Q ABORT quit the browser unconditionally
r DEL_BOOKMARK delete from your personal bookmark list
s INDEX_SEARCH allow searching of an index
u PREV_DOC go back to the previous document
v VIEW_BOOKMARK view your personal bookmark list
x NOCACHE force submission of form or link with no-cache
z INTERRUPT interrupt network transmission
^B PREV_PAGE view the previous page of the document
^D ABORT quit the browser unconditionally
^F NEXT_PAGE view the next page of the document
^H HISTORY display a list of previously viewed documents
<tab> NEXT_LINK make the next link current
^J ACTIVATE go to the document given by the current link
^L REFRESH refresh the screen to clear garbled text
<return> ACTIVATE go to the document given by the current link
^N DOWN_TWO go forward two lines in the document
^P UP_TWO go back two lines in the document
^R RELOAD reload the current document
^T TRACE_TOGGLE toggle tracing of browser operations
^W REFRESH refresh the screen to clear garbled text
<space> NEXT_PAGE view the next page of the document
! SHELL escape from the browser to the system
" SOFT_DQUOTES toggle valid vs. soft double-quote parsing
# TOOLBAR go to Toolbar or Banner in the current document
' HISTORICAL toggle historical vs. valid/minimal comment parsing
* IMAGE_TOGGLE toggle handling of all images as links
+ NEXT_PAGE view the next page of the document
, NEXT_PAGE view the next page of the document
- PREV_PAGE view the previous page of the document
/ WHEREIS search within the current document
< UP_LINK move up the page to a previous link
= INFO display information on the current document and link
> DOWN_LINK move down the page to another link
? HELP display help on using the browser
@ JPN_TOGGLE toggle Japanese character translations ON or OFF
[ INLINE_TOGGLE toggle pseudo-ALTs for inlines with no ALT string
\ SOURCE toggle source/presentation for current document
] HEAD send a HEAD request for the current document or link
` MINIMAL toggle minimal vs. valid comment parsing
<delete> HISTORY display a list of previously viewed documents
Up Arrow PREV_LINK make the previous link current
Down Arrow NEXT_LINK make the next link current
Right Arrow ACTIVATE go to the document given by the current link
Left Arrow PREV_DOC go back to the previous document
Page Down NEXT_PAGE view the next page of the document
Page Up PREV_PAGE view the previous page of the document
Home HOME go to the beginning of the current document
End END go to the end of the current document
Do key ACTIVATE go to the document given by the current link
Find key HOME go to the beginning of the current document
Select key END go to the end of the current document
Remove key DOWN_TWO go forward two lines in the document
Answer information given by jclerm@aztec.asu.edu
Q. How can an AzTeC user add a website to a bookmark file in Lynx?
First, the user has to get to the desired website. Here's how:
From AzTeC's main menu, choose the option accessing the
WWW. When the screen settles down, enter g . A prompt in
reverse vidio appears at lower left, inviting you to enter an
address. Enter the one you want. Then follow any links to the
destination you want your bookmark to reach.
Once you're where you want to be, press a to "Add" to
the bookmark file. You'll then be prompted to enter one of
the following: d (for "document"), l (for "link"), or c
(for "cancel").
If you're exactly where you want to be, press d .
(This is much simpler than l .) You'll a "title" for the
place you've chosen. If that title's OK by you, press enter;
if not, you can backspace over the title, rewrite it, and then
press enter . Then Lynx says "Done!". -- Your entry's added
to your bookmark file.
Answer information given by ricklew@aztec.asu.edu
Here's an example of adding an item to your bookmark file:
(Say you want to put the Yahoo search engine on your list)
Just do this:
1. Enter g at AzTeC's Web page (accessed from main menu)
2. At the prompt, [URL to enter:], enter http://yahoo.com/
When you arrive at Yahoo, do this right away:
3. Enter a (When Lynx asks you, D or L, or C, select D).
That's it!
----------
Q. How does one view one's bookmark file (list of preferred
personalized links)?
A. Once in AzTeC's Web page, accessed from the main menu, just
press v (for "view), and the bookmark file appears.
Answer information given by ricklew@aztec.asu.edu
----------
Q. Once an item is added to the bookmark file, how does one use
it to get to the desired website quickly?
A. First, get to AzTec's home Web page from the main menu. Next,
view your bookmark file by entering Lynx's command v . Then
use the UP and DOWN arrows to select the item you want. Now
just press either the RIGHT arrow, or the ENTER key-- and off
you go!
Answer information provided by azmls@aztec.asu.edu
----------
Q. How does one remove an item from one's bookmark file?
Two users provided answers, both worth giving:
Ans #1. As you're looking at your list of bookmarks, move the cursor
to highlight the item to be deleted. Enter r ("remove").
Lynx asks, "Do you really want to ..., (Y/N)?" Enter y .
Note: One user (gumba@aztec.asu.edu) reported that this didn't
work for him. No other information was posted regarding the
problem he had.
Answer information given by vwburns@aztec.asu.edu
Ans #2. (This is quoted from post by ricklew@aztec.asu.edu)
"But my recommendation is to first to press o for options in Lynx,
select u for user level, and space till you see you're in Advanced
Level. [Enter > to save that setting and r to return to Lynx.]
"Now, if you're set up like that, you can then, using v for view as
before, arrow down through the links at the bottom of your screen.
When you reach one that you'd like to remove, press r for remove.
It'll ask you if you want to remove the link; if you do, hit y .
And out it goes! If you have your links numbered in the Lynx options
menu, your numbers will also adjust themselves accordingly.
"I admit that I don't know where your bookmark file is kept or if you
can access it directly, although when you're in your bookmark file,
the editing feature has been disabled (unnecessarily, I suspect.)
Since I'd like to quickly edit my Lynx file to make sense out of
randomly selected links, all I know how to do is rewrite the file at
the bottom the way I'd like it to look, and then remove all of the
links prior to it. Cumbersome, if you'd like to rearrange your
bookmark file by category occasionally.
"There may be better answers to that, though.
"You can, by the way, if you feel generous, print your bookmark
file to screen, or mail it to yourself or someone else, the same
way you can from a web address. (I know, 'cause I accidentally
sent my bookmark file to someone!)"
----------
CE Key commands (more readable)
Q. Is there a list of commands for Chet's Editor (CE)?
A. Yes. Here's one:
Commands for Chet's Editor [CE] (EMACS commands)
Prenote: ESC, [key] means press ESC first, then the indicated key.
CTRL/[key] means press CTRL and the indicated key together.
1. Screens: CTRL/V = go down a screen ESC, < = go to start of
file
ESC, V = go up a screen ESC, > = go to end of
file
2. Searching: CTRL/S = do an I-search forward. At the prompt, type a string
to be searched for and press <ret>. Either case
matches. CE does the search and updates the screen
as you type the characters (viz., incrementally,
thus "I-search"). If you're using CTRL/S and CTRL/Q
to stop and start output, this will not work.
CTRL/R = do an I-search backward (reverse) from the cursor.
3. Moving the CTRL/F = forward 1 char. ESC, F = forward 1 word
cursor: CTRL/B = back up 1 char. ESC, B = back up 1 word
CTRL/A = to beginning of line ESC, N = to end of paragraph
CTRL/E = to end of line ESC, P = to start of paragrph
CTRL/N = to next line ESC, < = to start of file
CTRL/P = to previous line ESC, > = to end of file
NOTE: on VT100's, the keypad arrows are active.
4. Replacing: CTRL/X then % = replace all instances of the 1st typed-in
string with the 2nd typed-in string.
End each string with <ret>.
CTRL/G cancels this operation at any time.
5. Capitalizing ESC, U = UPPERCASE the word CTRL/X , CTRL/L lowercase region
and ESC, C = Capitalize the word CTRL/X , CTRL/U uppercase region
Transposing: ESC, L = lowercase the word CTRL/Q = quote next entry, so that
CTRL/T = transpose characters control codes may be
entered into text
6. Regions and ESC, space = set mark at current position [ also, CTRL/@ ]
the CTRL/X , CTRL/X = eXchange mark and cursor
KILL buffer ESC, = means count the lines in the region
[NOTE: The REGION is the text area defined between the mark and
the current cursor postion.
The KILL BUFFER holds the text which has been most
recently saved or deleted.]
7. Deleting DEL = delete previous char.
and CTRL/D = delete next char. CTRL/O = open (insert) line
Inserting ESC, DEL = delete previous WORD CTRL/Y = yank back the save
ESC, D = delete next WORD buffer to cursor
CTRL/K = delete (kill) to end of line position
CTRL/W = delete (wipe) region already set
8. Copying CTRL/W = delete (wipe) region already set
and ESC, W = copy region to kill/save buffer
Moving CTRL/Y = yank back the save/kill buffer to cursor position
HOW TO COPY OR MOVE TEXT (in general):
a - mark a region [ESC, space at start, then put cursor where wanted]
b - delete [CTRL/W] or copy region into kill buffer [ESC, W]
c - move cursor to desired spot and yank back text [CTRL/Y]
9. Modes of ESC,x, m = add mode CTRL/X , CTRL/M = delete mode
operation ESC,x,w(rap) = turns on wrap mode (v)iew = see file without
s(ave) = turns on Auto-Save insertion or deletion
10. On-screen CTRL/= displays report: line #, character count, size
formatting CTRL/X , F = set fill column
ESC, n, TAB = set tab spacing to N char. between tab stops
ESC, Q = format paragraph so that text lies between
margins. Put cursor in paragraph first.
11. Multiple Many windows may be active at once on the screen. All windows
windows may show different parts of the same buffer, or each may
display a different buffer.
CTRL/X , 2 = split current window into 2
CTRL/X , O = move cursor to next window
CTRL/X , 1 = remove all but current window
CTRL/X , ^ = enlarge current window
ESC, CTRL/V = scroll down, other window
ESC, CTRL/Z = scroll up, other window
12. Multiple A BUFFER is a name area containing a file being edited.
Many
buffers may be activated at once.
CTRL/X , B = switch to another buffer
CTRL/B , CTRL/B = list buffer(s) in directory window
CTRL/X , CTRL/I = insert another buffer's contents at the
cursor position
CTRL/K = delete (kill) a non-displayed buffer
CTRL/X , CTRL/X = switch to next buffer in buffer list
<CR> = use just-previous buffer
13. Reading CTRL/X , CTRL/F = Fetch a file & read it into new buffer
from created from filename. [NOTE: This is the
disk usual way to start editing a new file.]
CTRL/X , CTRL/V = read file into current buffer, erasing
previous contents of the buffer. No new
buffer will be created.
CTRL/X , I = Insert file into current buffer at the cursor's position.
CTRL/X , CTRL/R = fetch a file to make current in view mode
(Read-only mode).
14. Saving to CTRL/X , CTRL/S = save current buffer to disk, using
buffer's disk filename as name of diskfile. Any disk
file of that name WILL be overwritten. If
you're using CTRL/S and CTRL/Q to control
output, then use CTRL/S or CTRL/X , CTRL/W
to save current buffer to disk.
CTRL/S = save all changed buffers to disk; CE
asks whether or not to save each one.
CTRL/X , CTRL/W = write current buffer to disk. Type in
a new filename at the prompt; it will become
the current buffer's filename. If you want
to write to the existing filename, just
press
<RET> at the prompt.
CTRL/X , CTRL/C = exit CE; asks to save each changed
buffer
ESC, Z = write out all changed buffers and exit CE.
15. Accessing CTRL/X , ! = send 1 command to the op. sys. and return
the operating CTRL/Z = start new command processor under CE
system [for non-4.2BSD UNIX]
CTRL/Z = suspend CE into the background
[4.2BSD UNIX
only]
16. Special Keys and Key Bindings:
CTRL/U , [n] = Universal argument. Followed by an integer. Default = 4
or Repeats [n] times the command that follows.
ESC, [n]
CTRL/G = cancel current command and return to top processing
level
ESC, X = execute a named (and possibly unbound) command.
ESC, K = bind a key to a named command
ESC, ? = bring up this file in a new window
Describe-Bindings = List the current key bindings in a buffer
Help Web pages. File #4: CE command list (w/some corrections)
Q. Is there a list of commands to use while in Chet's Editor (CE)?
A. Here's a list taken fron the help files:
CE Help screens (04/18/86)
NOTES:
M-F means to use the <ESC> key prior to using the F key
^A means to use the control key at the same time as the A key
<DEL> means to use the delete or backspace key (whichever you're
using)
<SPACE> means to hit the space bar
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
^V Scroll down a screen M-< Beginning of file
M-V Scroll up a screen M-> End of file
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) MOVING THE CURSOR
^F Forward a character M-F Forward a word If you have a
^B Backward a character M-B Backward a word VT-100, the
^A To front of line keypad arrows
^E to end of line are active!
^N To next line M-P To front of paragraph
^P To previous line M-N To end of paragraph
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
(2) SEARCHING
^S I-Search forward from cursor position. Type in a string to be
searched
for at the prompt and end it with a carriage return. Either case
matches. The search is done and screen updated as you type the
characters (incrementally, hence "I-Search"). If you are using
^S and ^Q to stop and start output, this will not work.
^R As above, but Reverse search from cursor position.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
(3) REPLACING
^X% Replace all instances of first typed-in string with
ssecondtyped-in string. End each string with a carriage return.
Use ^G to cancel the operation.
M-% Replace with query. Answer with:
^G cancel . exit to entry point
! replace the rest <SPACE> replace & continue
? Get a list of options <DEL> no replacement & continue
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
(4) CAPITALIZING & TRANSPOSING
M-U UPPERCASE word
M-C Capitalize word ^T Transpose characters
M-L lowercase word
^X^L lowercase region
^X^U uppercase region
^Q Quote next entry, so that control codes may be entered into text
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
(5) REGIONS & THE KILL BUFFER
M-<SPACE> set MARK at current position
^X^X eXchange mark and cursor
M-= count the number of lines in the region
A REGION is the continuously-defined area between the mark and the current
cursor position.
The KILL BUFFER holds the text which has been most recently saved or
deleted.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
(6) DELETING & INSERTING
<DEL> Delete previous character M-<DEL> Delete previous word
^D Delete next character M-D Delete next word
^K Close (delete) to end of line
^O Open (insert) line
^W Delete region between mark (set using M-<spacebar>) and cursor
M-W Copy region to kill buffer
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
(7) COPYING AND MOVING
^W Delete (Wipe) region M-W copy region to KILL buffer
^Y Yank back save buffer at cursor
Generally, the procedure for copying or moving text is:
1) Mark a REGION using M-<SPACE> or ^@ at beginning; put cursor at
end.
2) Delete REGION (with ^W) or copy it (with M-W) into the KILL
buffer.
3) Move the cursor to the desired location and yank text back (with
^Y).
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
(8) MODES OF OPERATION [e.g. M-x w ENTER sets word wrap]
M-x ( ) Add Mode M-x ^( ) Delete Mode
M-x w (wrap) Turns on word wrap (automatic carriage return).
M-x v (view) Allows viewing file without insertion and deletion.
M-x s (save) Turns on Auto Save [corrections made 11/96]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
(9) ON-SCREEN FORMATTING
^X F Set fill column. Enter no. of char. at prompt. Then
ENTER.
Mn-<tab> Set tab spacing to n characters between tab stops
M-Q Format paragraph so that text lies between margins
^X = Position report -- displays line number, char count, size
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
(10) MULTIPLE WINDOWS
Many WINDOWS may be active at once on the screen. All windows may show
different parts of the same buffer, or each may display a different one.
^X 2 Split the current window in two ^X 1 remove all but current
window
^X O cursor to next window ^X ^ Enlarge current window
M-^V scroll down, other window M-^Z scroll up, other window
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
(11) MULTIPLE BUFFERS
A BUFFER is a named area containing a document being edited.
Many buffers may be activated at once.
^X B Switch to another buffer. <CR> = use just-previous buffer
^X ^B Type buffer directory in a window
^X ^I Insert the contents of another buffer at the cursor
^X K Delete a non-displayed buffer.
^X X Switch to next buffer in buffer list
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
(12) READING FROM DISK
^X^F Find file; read into a new buffer created from filename.
(This is the usual way to begin editing a new file.)
^X^V Read file into current buffer, erasing its previous contents.
No new buffer will be created.
^X I Insert file into current buffer at cursor's location.
^X^R Find a file to make current in VIEW (read-only) mode
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
(13) SAVING TO DISK
^X^S Save current buffer to disk, using the buffer's filename
as the name of the disk file. Any disk file of that name
will be overwritten. If you are using ^S and ^Q for stopping
and starting output, use ^X S or ^X ^W to do this.
^X S Save all changed buffers to disk, asking whether or not to
save each one.
^X^W Write current buffer to disk. Type in a new filename to write to
at the prompt; it will become the current buffer's filename. If
you just want to write to the existing file name, type a RETURN
at the prompt.
M-Z Write out all changed buffers and exit CE
^X ^C exit CE, asking whether or not to save each changed buffer
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
(14) ACCESSING THE OPERATING SYSTEM
^X! Send one command to the operating system and return
^Z Start a new command processor under CE (non-4.2BSD UNIX)
^Z Suspend CE into the background (4.2BSD UNIX only)
^X^C Exit CE, asking about each changed buffer
M-Z Write out all changed buffers and then exit CE
---------------------------------------------------------------
(15) SPECIAL KEYS AND KEY BINDINGS
^G Cancel current command and return to top level of processing.
^U or Universal argument. May be followed by an integer (default =
4)
M-<digit> and repeats the next command that many times.
M-X Execute a named (and possibly unbound) command
M-K Bind a key to a named command
Describe-Bindings
List the current key bindings in a buffer
M-? Bring up this file in a new window
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Default Key Bindings for Chet's Emacs
=====================================
^@ Set Mark
^A Move to start of line ESC A Go to beginning of sentence
^B Move backward by characters ESC B Back up by words
^C Insert space ESC C Initial capitalize word
^D Forward delete 1 character ESC D Delete forward 1 word
^E Go to end of line ESC E Go to start of next sentence
^F Move forward by characters ESC F Advance by words
^G Abort out of things ESC G Go to a line
^H Backward delete
^I Insert tab
^J Insert CR-LF, then indent
^K Kill forward ESC K Bind Key to function
^L Refresh the screen ESC L Lower case word
^M Insert CR-LF ESC M Set global mode
^N Move forward by lines ESC N Go to End of paragraph
^O Open up a blank line ESC O Arrow key prefix (VT100
only)
^P Move backward by lines ESC P Go to Beginning of
paragraph
^Q Insert literal ESC Q Fill current paragraph
^R I-Search backwards ESC R Reposition window
^S I-Search forward ESC S Center line
^T Transpose characters
^U Universal Argument ESC U Upper case word
^V Move forward by pages [screens] ESC V Move backward by pages
^W Kill region ESC W Copy region to kill buffer
^Y Yank back from kill buffer ESC X Execute named command
^Z Move backward by pages ESC Z Save file and exit
ESC ^H Delete backward word ESC ! Run one shell command
ESC ^K Unbind Key from function ESC < Move to start of buffer
ESC ^L Reposition window ESC > Move to end of buffer
ESC ^M Delete global mode ESC . Set mark
ESC ^N Rename current buffer ESC space Set mark
ESC ^R Search & replace w/query ESC rubout Delete backward word
ESC ^V Scroll next window down ESC % Query replace
ESC ^W Delete Paragraph ESC ? Bring up help file
ESC ^Z Scroll next window up ESC = Count lines in region
ESC ~ Make buffer unmodified
ESC | Run shell command on region
^X % Replace string
^X ? Describe a key ^X ! Run 1 command in a subjob
^X = Show the cursor position ^X ( Begin macro
^X ^ Enlarge display window ^X ) End macro
^X 1 Make current window only one
^X 2 Split current window ^X rubout Delete to start of
sentence
^X ^B Display buffer list ^X B Switch a window to a buffer
^X ^C Exit MicroEMACS ^X C Start a new command processor
^X E Execute macro
^X ^F Find file by name ^X F Set fill column
^X ^I Insert buffer ^X I Insert file
^X K Make a buffer go away
^X ^L Lower case region
^X ^M Delete Mode ^X M Set a mode
^X ^N Move window down ^X N Rename current filename
^X ^O Delete blank lines ^X O Move to the next window
^X ^P Move window up ^X P Move to the previous window
^X ^R Get a file from disk, read-only
^X ^S Save current file ^X S Save all changed files
^X ^U Upper case region
^X ^V Visit file, read-write
^X ^W Write a file to disk ^X X Use next buffer
^X ^X Swap "." and mark
^X ^Z Shrink window ^X Z Enlarge display window
Unbound commands:
=================
describe-bindings Display the list of current bindings
eval-file Execute a file of command lines
execute-named-command Execute a command by name (w/ completion)
search-forward Search backward for a string
search-backward Search forward for a string
regexp-search-forward Search forward for a regular expression
regexp-search-backward Search backward for a regular expression
query-replace-regexp Query-replace regular expressions
prefix-region Put a prefix in front of all lines in
region
set-prefix Set the prefix for prefix-region
show-version Show the version of CE
change-directory Change the current working directory
show-current-directory Display the current working directory
wrap-mode Put the current buffer in word-wrap mode
view-mode Put the current buffer in read-only mode
auto-save-mode Put the current buffer in auto-save mode
no-wrap-mode Take the current buffer out of word-wrap
mode
no-view-mode Allow editing on the current buffer
no-auto-save-mode Take the current buffer out of auto-save
mode
introduction Display an introductory document
tutorial Display the Emacs tutorial
make-backup-files Toggle the making of backups on and off
Usable Modes
============
WRAP Lines going past right margin "wrap" to a new line
VIEW Read-Only mode where no modifications are allowed
SAVE Autosave the buffer after every 256 characters are inserted
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Below is a list of all executable names in CE.
All of these commands can be executed via M-x ( )
add-mode Add an editing mode for the current buffer
add-global-mode Add an editing mode to all buffers
auto-fill-mode Put the current buffer in word-wrap mode
auto-save-mode Put the current buffer in auto-save mode
backward-character Move backwards one character
backward-sentence Move back to the start of the current
sentence
begin-macro Begin defining a keyboard macro
beginning-of-file Move to the beginning of the current
buffer
beginning-of-line Move to the beginning of the current line
bind-to-key Bind a key sequence to a named command
buffer-position Print out the current position in the
buffer
capitalize-word Capitalize the current word
center-buffer Center all lines in the current buffer
center-line Center current line, using current fill
column
center-paragraph Center the current paragraph
center-region Center all lines in the region
clear-and-redraw Clear the screen and redraw it
clear-pattern Clear the remembered search pattern
copy-region Copy the region to the kill buffer
delete-blank-lines Delete blank lines around `.'
delete-buffer Delete a buffer from the buffer list by
name
delete-mode Delete a mode from the current buffer
delete-global-mode Delete a mode from all buffers
delete-next-character Delete the character following the cursor
delete-next-word Delete the word following the cursor
delete-other-windows Delete all windows but the current one
delete-previous-character Delete the character before the cursor
delete-previous-word Delete the word before the cursor
delete-sentence-back Delete all characters back to sentence
start
describe-bindings Describe current key bindings by named
commands
describe-key Print command currently bound to a key
sequence
emacs-version Pit the current version information
end-macro Signal the end of a keyboard
macrodefinition
end-of-file Move point to the end of the current
buffer
end-of-line Move point to the end of the current line
exchange-point-and-mark Swap the values of `.' and the mark
execute-macro Execute a keyboard macro
execute-named-command Execute a CE command by name
exit-emacs Save all dirty buffers and exit CE
fill-mode Put the current buffer in word-wrap mode
fill-paragraph Fill current paragraph to current fill
column
forward-character Move `.' forward by one character
forward-sentence Move `.' forward by one sentence
global-set-key Bind a command to a key sequence
goto-char Move `.' to specific char. position in
buffer
goto-line Move `.' to a specific line in the buffer
grow-window Make current window bigger, if > 1 on
screen
handle-tab Insert a tab, or do mode-specific things
help Display out the CE help file in a new
window
insert-space Insert a ` ' into the current buffer at
`.'
introduction Run the CE tutorial in another window
isearch-backward Incremental earch for a word, backwards
isearch-forward Incremental search for a word, forwards
kill-paragraph Delete current pargrph, copying to kill
buffer
kill-region Delete the region, copying to kill buffer
kill-sentence Delete current sentnce, copying to kill
buffer
kill-to-end-of-line Delete all characters up to the next
newline,
copying to kill buffer
list-buffers Display a list of all buffers in a new
window
lower-case-region Convert all characters in region to lower
case
lower-case-word Convert current word to lower case
make-backup-files Toggle making of backup copies of old
files
make-bug-report Compose a CE bug report in a new buffer
mark-buffer Make the region encompass the entire
buffer
mark-paragraph Make region encompass the current
paragraph
mark-word Make the region encompass the current
word
move-window-down Change the position of the current line
move-window-up Change the position of the current line
newline Insert a new line into the buffer,
do mode-specific
things
newline-and-indent Insert a newline and indent for editing C
code
next-buffer Switch to the next buffer in the buffer
list
next-line Move `.' to the next line in the buffer
next-page Move down a page (a screen) in current
buffer
next-paragraph Move `.' to the start of the next
paragraph
next-window Move `.' down to next window on the
screen
next-word Move `.' to the beginning of the next word
no-auto-save-mode Turn off auto-save mode
no-fill-mode Turn off word wrap
no-view-mode Turn off view mode (make editable)
no-wrap-mode Turn off word wrap
not-modified Clear the modified flag for the current
buffer
open-line Insert a blank line at `.'
prefix-region Add a prefix to each line in current
region
previous-line Move `.' to the previous line
previous-page Move `.' to previous page (go back 1
screen)
previous-paragraph Move `.' to the previous paragraph
previous-window Move `.' up to previous window, if > 1
window
on screen
previous-word Move `.' to the start of the previous word
query-replace Replace a string with another,
w/confirmation
query-replace-regexp Replace regexp matches with confirmation
quick-exit Save all dirty files without asking and
exit
quote-character Insert the next character verbatim into
buffer
read-only Mark the current buffer as read-only (no
edit)
redraw-display Redraw the entire screen
regexp-search-forward Search forward for matches of a regexp
regexp-search-backward Search backward for matches of a regexp
rename-buffer Change the name associated with current
buffer
replace-regexp Replace occurrences of a regexp with a
string
replace-string Replace occurrences of a string with
another
revert-buffer-from-file Re-read file associated with current
buffer
save-buffers-exit-emacs Save all modified buffers and exit CE
save-file Save the current buffer to its associated
file
save-some-buffers Save all modified buffers
scroll-next-up Scroll next window up one window-full
scroll-next-down Scroll next window down one window-full
scroll-other-window Scroll other window on screen (if > 1
window
on screen)
search-again Search for the last pattern entered
search-backward Search backward in current buffer for a
string
search-forward Search forward in current buffer for a
string
select-buffer Switch to a specific named buffer
send-bug-report Send the current buffer as a CE bug report
set-fill-column Set the column at which lines are wrapped
set-mark Set the value of the mark to the value of
`.'
set-prefix Set the prefix added to lines in
prefix-region
set-visited-file-name Set the name of file associated with
buffer
show-current-directory Display the value of the current directory
show-version Display version information
shrink-window Reduce number of lines in current window,
if > 1 window on screen
split-current-window Split the current window into 2 windows
transpose-characters Swap character at cursor with preceding
one
transpose-lines Swap the current and previous lines
tutorial Run the CE tutorial in a new window
unbind-key Remove command associated with a key
sequence
universal-argument Cause a command to be executed multiple
times
upper-case-region Convert region to upper case
upper-case-word Convert the current word to upper case
view-mode Switch the current buffer to read-only
mode
what-line Display number of the current line in
buffer
wrap-mode Put the current buffer in word-wrap mode
yank Insert the contents of the kill buffer at
`.'
Moving the cursor around in CE
Q. While in Chet's Editor (CE), how can you move the cursor
around in the text?
To move the cursor around the text while in CE:
[ This presumes that the user has set his PC to VT100
emulation so that the arrows work. Even so, on some
PC's, they don't always work. But the following
*always* work : ]
Using the CTRL key *and* ____ together moves the cursor ____________
f forward 1 character
b backward 1 character
a to the beginning (alpha or left end) of the line
e to the end (right end) of the line
n to the next line
p to the previous line
v to the next screenful of text
Pressing ESC then ____ in sequence moves the cursor __________
f forward 1 word
b backward 1 word
n to the end of the paragraph
[ a paragraph is a block of text
preceded and followed by blanks. ]
p to the beginning of the paragraph
v to the previous screenful of text
Two more useful ones, using ESC, then:
< go back to the top of the document or file
> go forward to the bottom/end of the document/file
Help Web pages.
Q. While in Chet's Editor (CE), how can one delete text more than
one character at a time?
A. HOW TO DELETE MORE THAN ONE CHARACTER AT A TIME
DEL
(or backspace) erase previous character (to the left)
CTRL/d erase next char to the right
ESC, DEL erase previous *word*
ESC, d erase next *word* to the right
CTRL/k erase to the right end of the line
[If the line's blank, this deletes the blank line.]
To delete a block of text takes a bit more doing:
1. Set the cursor at the start of your desired deletion.
2. Press ESC, then the space bar to mark this spot.
3. Now move the cursor to the end of your proposed erasure.
If you want to move it to the end of the document,
press ESC, then >
4. Now press CTRL/w, and the block of text is wiped out.
In case you erased too much, press CTRL/y to recover
(or yank back) the text, and start over.
This last procedure is handy when writing a followup comment to a
post or an email letter. You can erase all but the section(s) you're
replying to....
Help Web pages. File #7. How to delete more than one character at a time while in CE.
Help Web pages. File #8: deleting "bad" workfilenames
Q. I have a file or two in my work directory which I can't
seem to delete. Is there any way I can get rid of such files?
A. This has plagued a number of AzTeC users. Thanks to the sweat
and tears of certain AzTeC users, a couple of solutions to
this problem have been posted. Here's a summary:
For one and all: AzTeC has a bug when you try to delete certain
files in your work directory, leading to a fair amount of frustration
among users. Basically, two approaches have been offered by AzTeC
users.
But first, a word about THE PROBLEM:
This refers to trying to delete a file in your AzTeC work space (*not* in
in your PC) that has a "bad" filename. Unix, AzTeC's system, doesn't
recognize filename characters other than letters and numbers. Spaces,
slashes, colons, etc., in a filename make that file not only undeletable
but unworkable, too. You can't even open it to read it...
Say you want to delete one of these "bad" AzTeC workspace files. You're
supposed to enter its filename at this prompt:
------------------------------------------
Please enter name of file ['?' for list]:
------------------------------------------
A "bad" filename has AzTeC generate an error message SIMILAR to this:
-------------------------------------------------------
/var/FreePort-2.3/local/bin/bb_sh: The file
`/usr/users/43/userid/work/badfilename' does not exist
-------------------------------------------------------
PLEASE NOTE: That second line varies from user to user. The /43/ is
usually
different for various users; the /userid/ is your AzTeC userid. The
/badfilename is self-explanatory.
So much for the problem.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Now for the SOLUTIONS found, with comments:
#1
=============================================================================
PROBLEM - chastity@aztec.asu.edu entered filename c:\hold\charles
SOLUTION - jclerm@aztec.asu.edu said to double the backslash.
chastity@aztec.asu.edu tried c:\\hold\\charles and IT
WORKED!
=============================================================================
#2
==============================================================================
PROBLEM - staleym@aztec.asu.edu entered filename ^A# N3 [w/ initial
space?]
vwburns@aztec.asu.edu reported the same problem: a filename
with
a blank in it.
jclerm@aztec.asu.edu said that a file created with a *blank
space*
can't be deleted unless the "dired"
utility
is reactivated. A FreePort bug...
[The word from AzTeC's President, folks, is that "dired" won't
be
reactivated in the foreseeable future, due to security risks.
So we turn to: ]
SOLUTION: fredlit@aztec.asu.edu experimented to find a way of deleting
such
a file.
Here are *detailed* instructions:
1. When AzTeC's error message appears, copy down on paper the part *inside
the quotes*. Copy this *exactly* as it appears on your screen (include
all
the slashes):
`/usr/users/43/userid/work/bad filename' does not exist
[Note that /43/ is only an example. Your error message may well have a
different number.]
2. Now bring up the "enter name of file" prompt again. This time, enter
the
*whole line* you copied, slashes included. When you get to the
filename,
put a ? in place of any blank(s) or space(s) in the filename. Then
hit
enter.
Example: Please enter name of file ['?' for list]:
Say you enter: /usr/users/15/userid/work/bad?filename
[Be *sure* to include that first slash!]
Now press enter, and follow the prompts as usual.
THIS WORKED for: fredlit@aztec.asu.edu and for several other users:
lwv628@aztec.asu.edu billo@aztec.asu.edu
rgb7795@aztec.asu.edu stanleym@aztec.asu.edu
cjpratsj@aztec.asu.edu vwburns@aztec.asu.edu and others.
============================================================================
There was some discussion about using * as a wildcard.
fredlit@aztec.asu.edu suggests being very careful with this.
Say you try entering t* for the filename to be deleted. fredlit
wrote
that the system would find the first file starting with t and delete
it,
instead of, perhaps, the file you had in mind. Like ? , * is a
wildcard,
too, but unlike ? , it means not just a single character, but that
character
AND everything after it.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
fredlit@aztec.asu.edu didn't say he actually tried this, but the
experience
of jojo42@aztec.asu.edu backs him up:
She writes that entering /usr/user/...etc.,
and then, instead of the filename, entering just an asterisk ( * )
results in deleting the file at the top of the file list. "Worked like
magic," she said.
=============================================================================
FINAL COMMENT:
When within a mail- or newsreader, you can use > to save the
current article to your *AzTeC work space*. AzTeC will store it in
a file which you get to name.
TO AVOID THE ABOVE PROBLEM, USE *LETTER/NUMBERS ONLY* in the filename
you enter. Do not use spaces, slashes, commas, etc.
=============================================================================
Help Web pages. File #9: downloading from email or newsgroup
Q. How do you save an email message or a newsgroup post into a file in
your PC?
A. Here are a couple of ways:
#1: [from Jack in Mesa]
Save it to a file in your AzTeC workspace and download it from there.
Here's how:
a. after you've done reading the message/post and the Command:
prompt is on screen,
b. enter the > symbol. A prompt will ask you for a filename.
c. you choose the file name (Use letters/numbers *only*!!)
d. you'll be asked if you want to save message to file. Enter y .
This puts the message/post in a named file in your AzTeC work area.
Now go to the Main Menu and choose Communications Center.
From the next menu, pick File Transfer Services.
From that menu, choose 3 (Send a file from AzTeC to your PC)
Next, choose KERMIT as your file transfer protocol [Note: some
users use Z-modem successfully; you can try for yourself.]
Now all you do is enter the name of the file(s) you want down-
loaded, then set your PC's software to receive (using the same
file transfer protocol you chose in AzTeC), and there you are!
Once done with the download, please delete the file(s) from your
AzTeC work space, to free up disk space for other users. Go to
"Manipulate your files" choice, and pick "Delete a file"
#2 [ from rhea@aztec.asu.edu ]
"I usually keep an untitled Notepad running minimized when on Aztec. If
you have e-mail you want to copy (or most any other file), just hilite
it--
click on EDIT - COPY, then restore the notepad window to the screen and
click on EDIT - PASTE.
"This is much faster than any other method and does not use Aztec disk
storage."
Help Web pages. File #10: downloading from the Web
Q. How can I download files fron the Web?
A. Two parts to this answer: re: text files, and re: binary files.
#1) From the web, you can download *text* files through AzTeC.
Just press p while you're looking at one, and one or both
of two choices will appear:
"email this file" and/or "print from screen"
Choose the first and email the file to yourself (type the address
at the bottom of the screen when the small prompt shows up).
Or choose the second, and use your software's "capture text" or
"print screen" function to save the screened file's contents.
The file should end up in your PC. You'll probably have to use the DOS
editor to take out extraneous characters, but the document should be
complete.
#2) Regarding binary files, Lynx will download them to its disk,
but AzTeC does not let them be downloaded to users' PCs. So
you're out of luck in trying to download binary files directly.
The ONLY way to download a binary file through AzTeC is indirectly.
Email an FTP request to the webmaster you're interested in, first
asking him/her to uuencode your chosen file. If the webmaster agrees,
the encoded file will show up in your email area. [ uuencoding converts
binary files to ascii format, which AzTeC treats as text "downloadable"
to your PC. ]
Once you've received it, download it via your work space to your PC.
But before you can run the file, you must uudecode it, changing it back
to binary form. To do this, you need to run a uudecoding program
stored in your PC or on a disk.
It's important to realize that AzTeC's service is text- or ascii-
based. It *will not* transfer binary or graphic files in their
original format without changing or corrupting them. And since AzTeC
doesn't compete with commercial providers, it won't change its
processing protocols, at least in the forseeable future. So this free
roundabout process naturally takes more time than downloading directly
via a commercial provider.
Help Web pages. File #11: Email command list
Q. Is there a list of commands to use while reading email?
A. See below:
List of commands for use while in email reader:
Type the number of an article to be read,
OR type one of the following command characters:
t -- Type out the current mail message
n -- Read the next unread mail message
v -- View the next mail message, read or unread
b -- Back up - read previous mail message
r -- Send a reply back to the author of the current message using
Reply-To:
R -- Send a reply back to the author of the current message using From:
f -- Forward a copy of the current message to other users
d -- Delete the current message from your mail box
u -- Mark the current message as not deleted (undelete)
s -- Send a mail message to someone
l -- List out on the screen headers of all messages
j -- Jump to a message and make that message the current one
k -- KILL all messages before and including the current message
z -- Delete all messages before and including the current message
e -- End - jump to the last message in the mailbox
+ -- Move to next screen of headers
- -- Move to previous screen of headers
! -- Mark the current message as unread
> -- Save the current message to a file in your work directory
# -- Introduce a range command. The mail reader will prompt for the
range.
h -- Show this help screen
q -- Exit the mail reader
x -- Exit the mail reader, a synonym for `q'
w -- Write out, then re-read your mail file (checkpoint)
c -- Check for and read in any new mail
T -- Like `t', but don't page the message
N -- Like `n', but don't page the message
B -- Like `b', but don't page the message
V -- Like `v', but don't page the message
D -- Delete a range of messages, of the form lo-hi.
You're prompted for the range.
U -- Undelete a range of messages.
Help Web pages. File #12: More on downloading email
Q. How can I copy email to my own PC? (= download email)
A. Here's information provided by burger@aztec.asu.edu
HOW TO COPY E-MAIL TO YOUR OWN PC
There are 2 ways to copy your e-mail. These methods work for any
posting on any of the SIGs as well.
1. If the message is short and your terminal software has any
sort of a screen capture feature, then you should use that.
Simply make the message you want to copy the current message,
then enable the screen capture (probably requires a file name),
then copy the message using "T" (capitalized). It will go to
your screen without pauses, and also to your capture file.
Disable screen capture and you are done.
2. If the message is long, then the above method could hang. If
you have that problem, then do it the long way. Copy the message
to your Aztec working area using ">". This requires a file name,
which should be some file name that is legal on your machine
(Aztec is on a Unix machine and can possibly accept file names
that will be illegal on your machine). Then go to the main menu
and select the command sequence: 5, 4, 3. You will then have a
choice of two download methods: KERMIT or ZMODEM.
A. To use ZMODEM, select it, then give the file name you wish
to download, press "Enter", then stand back. Don't worry
about an occasional "bad packet", as it is resent and
corrected. This usually works fine. (Important note: ZMODEM
does not work for uploads.)
B. If ZMODEM does not work or your software does not support
it, then use KERMIT. KERMIT works the same except that you
have to initiate the receive on your end at the prompt.
Simply use your mouse (or other means) and select the receive
file option from somewhere in your menu system (varies with
the software). KERMIT is slower, but it is an old and trusted
standard. It is also the only method that works for uploads.
If these methods do not work, you have a more extensive problem.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Q. How to I send email to my printer?
A. Info provided by crobc@aztec.asu.edu
If ALL you want to do is send your mail to your printer, then:
1. Turn on your physical printer.
2. Select the msg to print out by moving the * symbol to that
message (to do this, type "j" at the command prompt, then
type the nbr of the msg)
3a. If you have already read the message, after pressing Return
(or Enter), you will have several choices, but don't use any
of them, as is. Instead, toggle on your communications
software's Print(er) command, then type "T" and hit <Enter>.
This will send the msg to your printer w/o pause between screens.
3b. If you want to print out your message(s) *before* reading
it(them), then set the * pointer next to the msg, toggle
Print(er), and type "N" to send it on its way.
4. *** REMEMBER: that is a capital T or a capital N (w/o the
quotes) and you will want to toggle off the software
Print(er) command between msgs, or all screen text will
print out, including menus, etc.
Keep in mind that it actually takes longer to read these
instructions than it does to implement them and one step is
eliminated once you opt to print out before or after having read
your mail.
Of course, the other methods mentioned also work, especially if
you want to save them for later printing out, but I believe the
steps I have listed give you a simpler solution.
Uploading from PC to email area.
Q. How do I upload an email message from my PC to my email area?
A. Answer information provided by slatsan@aztec.asu.edu
Here's one method of uploading text to your email:
Start out by creating a file in your word processor.
Now click on Edit.
Then click on Select All. This highlights everything in the file.
Now click on Copy. This puts the file on your computer clipboard.
Now exit your word processor and log onto Aztec.
Enter Mail at main menu then the letter s to send a letter.
Type whatever you want to as part of the letter.
When you are ready to upload your file from your word processor,
Click on Edit then Click on Paste.
Voila! the file you put on the clipboard has now been uploaded to your
letter.
Then close the letter with ## and follow instructions to send the letter.
If you're in CE, then close with CTRL/x and CTRL/c, and follow the
prompts.
How to FTP by email; examples; tips
Q. How can an AzTeC user retrieve files from the Internet, using FTP?
A. Only by using email can an AzTeC user use FTP. See the following:
[Quoted directly from a post in the AzTeC Discussion Group.]
"I just want to let everyone know that you can retrieve
files off the internet through ftpmail.
"First, locate the site you want to retrieve files from
example: ftp.segaoa.com
"Second, send email to one of the following ftpmail handlers:
ftpmail@sunsite.unc.edu (I use this one--its pretty good)
ftpmail@decwrl.dec.com (massachusetts)
bitftp@pucc.princeton.edu (New Jersey)
ftpmail@cs.uow.edu.au (australia)
ftpmail@ftp.uni-stuttgart.de (germany)
ftpmail@grasp.insa-lyon.fr (france)
ftpmail@doc.ic.ac.uk (england)
ftpmail@ieunet.ie (ireland)
ftpmail@ith.se (sweden)
"Don't put anything in the subject line.
"If you know how to use ftp, just format your commands as if
you were using an ftp site. Example:
open ftp.segaoa.com
cd /pub/sega
get README
quit
"Put each command on a separate line so the ftpmail handler
can accept it (you dont need to use anonymous or your
email address, ftpmail adds it for you.)
"After you mail your request, you will get mail back
confirming your request. Be patient-- using ftpmail this way
takes time--often a few days if the site is real busy.
"I hope this helps you people out there. If anyone has any
questions, please email me and i'll give you more detailed
information. Good luck!!!"
Answer information given by sega1@aztec.asu.edu
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Q. Any more FTP examples?
A. Here's one from phxken@aztec.asu.edu :
"You may use ftp-mail to ftp from AzTeC. Example:
"To send a message to bitftp.pucc.princeton.edu --
"First line of message might be: ftp oak.oakland.edu uuencode
"Then followed by anonymous
binary
get /Simtel/msdos/util/junkfile.zip
quit
"Well, this won't work because there is no junkfile.zip , but you
get the idea. There are several ftp-mail gateways. Several books
onthe subject are available in local libraries as well as in help
text here somewhere."
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Q. Any practical suggestions for using ftp via email?
A. Yes, indeed. Here's an excellent post from dougdine@aztec.asu.edu :
"FTP by e-mail is an easy way to optain files if you have no other
means to do so. To do files by e-mail you simply need the following,
an e-mail address and a copy of UUDECODE or WINCODE.
"Here are a few FTP mail servers. I have found that the Princeton
and Oakland.edu ones work best as normally requested files are
returned within about 5 minutes or so whereas the others can take
days. The one downfall of using the Princeton site is that here
on AzTeC you're only allowed 1 meg of files per day, but if you
have an e-mail address on another freenet then it's no big deal.
Also, if you have Juno FTP by e-mail works great as you don't have
to first save the file to your work directory and download it as
you do with AzTeC. You just save the UUecoded files to disk after
you download them from Juno.
bitftp@pucc.princeton.edu
ftpmail@oak.oakland.edu
ftpmail@sunsite.unc.edu
ftpmail@decwrl.dec.com
"Below are a couple of good sites for getting general DOS and
Windows/msdos files:
oak.oakland.edu
ftp.coast.net
"Do note that the FTP sites and directories that you wish to access must
allow "anonymous" access in order to do files this way.
"When you request binary files this way they will be returned to you
UUencoded. Simply put, this takes 8 bit files and makes them into 7
bit files for transferring by e-mail and when you receive them you
simply convert them back to their original form.
"By default the Princeton site breaks files up into 100K pieces
for transferring. the Oakland site by default breaks them up into
65k pieces.
"There are just a few basic commands you need to know in order to
start leeching files this way. The first one is the "open" command.
This tells the server which FTP site to go to to as shown in the
example below. This will be the first line in the body of your
message:
open oak.oakland.edu
"Next you need to use the "cd" (change directory command)
open oak.oakland.edu
cd pub/simtelnet
"If you don't know what directories exist then you will use the
dir command. This will return to you a complete listing of
directories or subdirectories
open oak.oakland.edu
dir
"The next thing is to set the mode for the file transfer "ASCII"
or "BINARY". Self explanatory, I think.
open oak.oakland.edu
cd pub/simtelnet/msdos
binary
"Next we will use the "GET" command, which tells the server which
file we want. As an example, we will go get the file SIMDOS-L.ZIP
which is the complete listing of all files in the simtelnet/msdos
directories.
open oak.oakland.edu
cd pub/simtelnet/msdos
binary
get SIMDOS-L.ZIP
"The last basic command you will need to know is the "QUIT"
command, which I suppose is also self explanatory. This will be
the last line of your message.
"So for starters, do the below. This will be the body of your
message. Don't worry about the "subject" line or your signature
files as these are ignored.
open oak.oakland.edu
cd pub/simtelnet/msdos
binary
get SIMDOS-L.ZIP
quit
"This will return to you by e-mail the file SIMDOS-L.ZIP UUencoded.
If you use the ftpmail@oak.oakland.edu you will be returned 8
pieces 001 of 008 etc. If you use the Princeton server, you will
be returned 5 pieces using the default sizes.
"When you receive these back, first make sure that all parts have
been sent. Then save them to your work directory. If you save them
as one file, make sure you get them all in order 001, 002, 003 etc.
Whether or not you will save them all to one file will, of course,
depend on the size of the file and your connect speed. If you are
fortunate enough to receive these back in order, then you can use
the range command to save them, making things a little quicker.
"Let's do this as an example: When you receive the above file
SIMDOS-L.ZIP , save it as 5 individual files as below, without the
quotation marks, of course.
001 of 005 save as "s1.uue"
002 of 005 save as "s2.uue"
003 of 005 save as "s3.uue"
004 of 005 save as "s4.uue"
005 of 005 save as "s5.uue"
"Download these to your system and place them in a temp directory.
Now at the command line (if in DOS) type "uudecode s" without the
quotation marks and it will UUdecode the files and create SIMDOS-L.ZIP
"There are a number of help files on the web and some here on AzTeC
that you can also go look at, but most of them, I find, don't get right
to the point. This, though, is simply all you will need to know to go
and leech files by e-mail.
"If you don't have a copy of UUencode/decode, Wincode or Base64 (mime)
you can get on the Faustic Domain at 846-9103 and go to file area
158 and get them.
"If you need any more help just leave me mail."
e-mail: dougdine@aztec.asu.edu
www: http://www.angelfire.com/pages1/dougdine
More tips from dougdine@aztec.asu.edu
"Although I have successfully been able to receive 100k files on Juno,
it's been brought to my attention that Juno doesn't put through
messages of more than 65k. I have only done this a few times on
Juno, so maybe I have just been lucky in being able to receive
large messages. When doing FTP by e-mail you can specify to the
server how big you want the messages to be when it UUencodes them
to send them to you. You will simply need to insert the "CHUNKSIZE"
command in your request, as the example below will show. In this
case, we will specify that the messages be returned in 40k chunks.
open oak.oakland.edu
CHUNKSIZE 40
cd pub/simtelnet/msdos
binary
get SIMDOS-L.ZIP
quit
e-mail: dougdine@aztec.asu.edu
www: http://www.angelfire.com/pages1/dougdine
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Q. Word has it that AzTeC has some shortcut "Go" commands. Is there a
list?
A. With thanks to bruces@aztec.asu.edu , here's a list:
<<<<<<<< GO AZTEC >>>>>>>>
These are some of the "go" commands available to AzTeC users.
It is only necessary to type go and then the Capitalized portion of
the command, but in lower case. Ex: go a will take you to the AzTeC
Administration.
go A dministration AzTeC Administration
go C ommunication Communication Center
go CON figuration Set Parameters
go D irectory Directory Services
go E dit Choose Editor
go F ile Manipulate Files
go H elp Help Desk
go HO me Main Menu
go I nformation Help Desk
go M ain Main Menu
go P assword User Services
go PO Public Forum
go POS t Post Office
go PU blic Public Forum
go R Send Files to Aztec
go S ig Special Interest Groups
go SE nd File from AzTeC to your PC
go SY stem Set Parameters
go T erminal Set terminal type
go U p File Transfer
go US enet Communication Center
go USER User Services
go V ote Vote system
go X File Transfer Services
Help Web pages. File #16 (long!): from Lynx 2.6 Users' Guide
Q. Any help info regarding Lynx while on the Web?
A. At the time of this writing, AzTeC's using Lynx v. 2.5. Still,
most of what follows applies:
From: Lynx Users Guide Version 2.6
Table of Contents
01. Lynx online help
02. Leaving Lynx
03. Navigating hypertext documents with Lynx
04. Printing, Mailing, and Saving rendered files to disk.
05. Viewing the HTML document source and editing documents
06. Downloading and Saving source files.
07. Reloading files and refreshing the display
08. Lynx searching commands
09. Lynx Options Menu
10. Comments and mailto: links
11. USENET News posting
12. Lynx bookmarks
13. Jump command
14. Scrolling and Other useful commands
01. Lynx online help
Online help is available while viewing any document. Press the '?' or
'H' key (or the 'h key if vi-like key movement is not on) to see a
list of help topics. See the section titled Navigating hypertext
documents with Lynx for information on navigating through the help
files.
In addition, a summary description of all the Lynx keystroke commands
and their key bindings is available by pressing the 'K' key (or the
'k' key if vi-like key movement is not on). [ToC]
02. Leaving Lynx
To exit Lynx use the 'q' command. You will be asked whether you really
want to quit. Answering 'y' will exit and 'n' will return you to the
current document. Use 'Q' or Control-D to quit without verification.
[ToC]
03. Navigating hypertext documents with Lynx
The process of moving within a hypertext web, selecting and displaying
links is known as "navigation." With Lynx almost all navigation can be
accomplished with the arrow keys and the numeric keypad.
+-------+-------+-------+
| TOP | /|\ | Page |
arrow keys | of | | | UP |
| text 7| | 8| 9|
+---------+ +-------+-------+-------+
| SELECT | | | | |
| prev /|\| | <--- | | ---> |
| link | | | 4| 5| 6|
+---------+---------+---------+ +-------+-------+-------+
| BACK | SELECT | DISPLAY | | END | | | Page |
|<-- prev | next | | sel. -->| | of | | | DOWN |
| doc. | link \|/| link | | text 1| \|/ 2| 3|
+---------+---------+---------+ +-------+-------+-------+
There are also a few other keyboard commands to aid in navigation. The
Control and Function keys used for navigation within the current
document are described in Scrolling and Other useful commands. Some
additional commands depend on the fact that Lynx keeps a list of each
file you visit called the History Page. The Backspace or Delete key
will show you the History Page of links preceding your access to the
current document. Any of the previous documents shown in the list may
be revisited by selecting them from the history screen. The 'm' key
command will take you back to the starting document unless you
specified the -homepage=URL option at the command line. Also, the LIST
keystroke command, normally mapped to 'l' and L', will create a
compact list of all the links in the current document, and they can be
activated via that list.
The 'i' key presents an index of documents. The default index is
usually a document pointing to servers around the world, but the index
can be changed by the system administrator or on the command line
using the -index switch, and therefore depends on how the Lynx program
you are using was configured.
If you choose a link to a server with active access authorization,
Lynx will automatically prompt for a username and a password. If you
give the correct information, you will then be served the requested
information. Lynx will automatically send your username and password
to the same server if it is needed again. [ToC]
04. Printing, Mailing, and Saving rendered files to disk.
Rendered HTML documents, and plain text files, may be printed using
the 'p' command while viewing the document. After pressing the 'p' key
a menu of Print Options will be displayed. The menu will vary
according to several factors. First, some sites set up special
accounts to let users run Lynx to access local information systems.
Typically these accounts require no passwords and do not require users
to identify themselves. As a result such accounts are called
"anonymous" accounts, and their users are considered "anonymous"
users. In most configurations, all Lynx users (including anonymous
users) are able to mail files to themselves and print the entire file
to the screen.
Additional print options are available for users who are using Lynx
from their own accounts (that is, so-called "non-anonymous users"). In
particular, the Save to a local file option allows you to save the
document into a file on your disk space. Any number of additional
print options may also be available as configured by your system
administrator.
Some options, such as Save to a local file, involve prompting for an
output filename. All output filename entries are saved in a circular
buffer, and any previous entries can be retrieved for re-use by
pressing the up-arrow or down-arrow keys at the prompt.
Note that if you want exact copies of text files without any
expansions of TAB characters to spaces you should use the Download
options. [ToC]
05. Viewing the HTML document source and editing documents
When viewing HTML documents it is possible to retrieve and display the
unrendered (i.e., the original HTML) source of the document by
pressing the '\' (backslash) key. The document must be reloaded from
the server or disk to be displayed on the screen unrendered, since
Lynx originally rendered what it received and does not still have it
as source. When viewing unrendered documents you may print them as any
normal document.
Selecting the Print to a local file option from the Print Menu, makes
it possible to save the source of the document to disk so that you may
have a local copy of the document source, but it is better to Download
the source.
NOTE: When saving an HTML document it is important to name the
document with a .html extension, if you want to read it with Lynx
again later.
Lynx can allow users to edit documents that reside on the local
system. To enable editing, documents must be referenced using a
"file:" URL or by specifying a plain filename on the command line as
in the following two examples:
Command
lynx file://localhost/FULL/PATH/FILENAME
lynx path/filename.html
In addition, the user must also specify an editor in the Options Menu
so that Lynx knows which editor to use. If the file is specified
correctly and an editor is defined, then you may edit documents by
using the 'e' command. When the 'e' command is entered your specified
editor is spawned to edit the file. After changes are completed, exit
your editor and you will return to Lynx. Lynx will reload and render
the file so that changes can be immediately examined. [ToC]
06. Downloading and Saving source files.
If the DOWNLOAD keystroke command ('d' or D) is used when positioned
on a link for an HTML, plain text, or binary file, Lynx will transfer
the file, without rendering or modification, into a temporary location
and present the user with a list of options, as when a link for a
binary file of a type for which no viewer has been mapped is
activated. As described above, the only default Download option is
Save to disk, which is disabled if Lynx is running in anonymous mode,
and any number of additional download methods such as kermit and
zmodem may be defined in the lynx.cfg file by the system
administrator. Downloading the sources of HTML and plain text files,
instead of toggling to display the source ('\') and then using
Printing options, ensures that no modifications of the source (e.g.,
expansions of TAB characters to a series of spaces) will occur.
Some options, such as Save to disk, involve prompting for an output
filename. All output filename entries are saved in a circular buffer,
and any previous entries can be retrieved for re-use by pressing the
up-arrow or down-arrow keys at the prompt. [ToC]
07. Reloading files and refreshing the display
The RELOAD (Control-R) command will reload and re-render the file that
you are currently viewing. The REFRESH (Control-L or Control-W)
command will refresh or wipe the screen to remove or correct any
errors that may be caused by operating system or other messages.
The NOCACHE ('x' or 'X') command can be used in lieu of ACTIVATE
(Return or right-arrow) to request an uncached copy and new rendition
for the current link, or resubmission of a FORM, if a cache from a
previous request or submission exits. The request or submission will
include Pragma: no-cache and Cache-Control: no-cache in its headers.
Note that FORMs with POST content will be resubmitted regardless of
whether the NOCACHE or ACTIVATE command is used (see Lynx and HTML
Forms). [ToC]
08. Lynx searching commands
Two commands activate searching in Lynx: '/' and 's'.
While viewing a normal document use the '/' command to find a word or
phrase within the current document. The search type will depend on the
search option setting in the Options Menu. The search options are case
sensitive and case insensitive. These searches are entirely local to
Lynx.
Some documents are designated index documents by virtue of an ISINDEX
element in their HEAD section. These documents can be used to retrieve
additional information based on searches using words or phrases
submitted to an index server. The Lynx statusline will indicate that
you are viewing such a document, and if so, the 's' key will invoke a
statusline prompt to enter a query string. The prompt can be specified
via a PROMPT attribute in the ISINDEX element. Otherwise, Lynx will
use an internally configured prompt. The address for submitting the
search can be specified via an HREF or ACTION attribute. Otherwise,
Lynx will use the current document's URL and append your query string
as a ?searchpart (see Supported URLs).
All search words or strings which you have entered during a Lynx
session are saved in a circular buffer, and can be retrieved for
re-use by pressing the up-arrow or down-arrow keys at the prompt for a
search word or string. Also, you can use the 'n'ext command to repeat
a search with the last-entered search word or phrase, starting from
the current position in the document. The word or phrase matches will
be highlighted throughout the document, but such highlighting will not
persist for new documents, or if the current document is reloaded. The
search cycles to the top of the document if the word or phrase is not
located below your current position.
Although HTML Forms have largely replaced index documents for searches
via http servers, they are still useful for performing searches
directly via WAIS or Gopher servers in conjunction with the internal
gateways for such servers. For example, an HTML index document can act
as a cover page describing a WAIS database and how to formulate query
strings for searching it, and include an element such as:
<ISINDEX PROMPT="Enter WAIS query:"
HREF="wais://net.bio.net/biologists-addresses">
for submitting a search of the Biologist's Addresses database directly
to the net.bio.net WAIS server. [ToC]
09. Lynx Options Menu
The Lynx Options Menu may be accessed by pressing the 'o' key. The
current Options Menu contains the following configurable options.
Options Menu
E)ditor : emacs
D)ISPLAY variable : aixtest.cc.ukans.edu:0.0
B)ookmark file : home_page
F)TP sort criteria : By Filename
P)ersonal mail address : montulli@ukanaix.cc.ukans.edu
S)earching type : CASE INSENSITIVE
display (C)haracter set : ISO Latin 1
raw 8-bit or CJK m(O)de : ON
preferred document lan(G)uage: en
preferred document c(H)arset : NONE
V)I keys : OFF
e(M)acs keys : OFF
K)eypad mode : Numbers act as arrows
l(I)st directory style : Mixed style
sho(W) dot files : OFF
U)ser mode : Advanced
user (A)gent : [User-Agent header]
L)ocal execution links : Always off
An option can be changed by entering the capital letter of the option
you want to change (i.e. 'E' for Editor). For fields where text must
be entered, simply enter the text by typing on the keyboard. The Line
Editor can be used to correct mistakes, and Control-U can be used to
erase the whole line. When you are done entering a change press the
Return key to get back to the Command? prompt.
For fields where you must choose from a list of choices, press any key
to toggle the choices and press the Return key to finish the change.
When you are done changing options use the 'r' command to return to
Lynx or the '>' command to save the options to a .lynxrc file and
return to Lynx.
The following table describes the options available on the Options
Menu:
Editor
The editor to be invoked when editing browsable files, and
sending mail or comments. The full pathname of the editor
command should be specified when possible.
DISPLAY variable
This option is only relevant to X Window users. The DISPLAY
(Unix) or DECW$DISPLAY (VMS) variable is picked up
automatically from the environment if it has been previously
set.
Bookmark file
This is the filename and location of your personal bookmark
file. The bookmark file allows frequently traveled links to be
stored in a personal easy to access file. Using the 'a' command
(see below) you may save any link into your bookmark file. If
the path specified does not begin with a slash then the path
will reference your home directory.
FTP sort criteria
This option allows you to specify how files will be sorted
within FTP listings. The current options include "By Filename",
"By Size", "By Type", and "By Date".
Personal mail address
This mail address will be used to help you send files to
yourself and will be included as the From: address in any mail
or comments that you send. It will also be sent as the From:
field in all HTTP get requests if inclusion of that HTTP header
has not been disabled via the NO_FROM_HEADER definition in
lynx.cfg or via the -nofrom command line option.
Searching type
Searching type has two possible values: CASE INSENSITIVE
(default) and CASE SENSITIVE. The searching type effects
inter-document searches only, and determines whether searches
for words within documents will be done in a case-sensitive or
case-insensitive manner.
Display Character set
This option allows you to set up the default character set for
your specific terminal. The character set provides a mapping of
8-bit ISO Latin character entities and/or Asian (CJK)
characters into viewable characters and should be set in
relation to your terminal's character set if you will be
viewing such characters with Lynx. You must have the selected
character set installed on your terminal.
Raw 8-bit or CJK Mode
Whether 8-bit characters are are assumed to correspond with the
selected character set and therefore are processed without
translation via the ISO Latin 1 conversion tables. Should be ON
by default when the selected character set is ISO Latin 1, or
is one of the Asian (CJK) sets and the 8-bit characters are
Kanji multibytes. Should be OFF for the other character sets,
but can be turned ON when there's a match, e.g., the document's
charset is ISO-8859-2 and ISO Latin 2 has been selected. Should
be OFF when an Asian (CJK) set is selected but the document is
ISO-8850-1. The setting also can be toggled via the RAW_TOGGLE
command, normally mapped to '@', and at startup via the -raw
switch.
Preferred Document Language
The language you prefer if multi-language files are available
from servers. Use MIME abbreviations, e.g., en for English, fr
for French, etc. Can be a comma-separated list in descending
order of preferences.
Preferred Document Charset
The character set you prefer if sets in addition to ISO-8859-1
and US-ASCII are available from servers. Use MIME notation
(e.g., ISO-8859-2) and do not include ISO-8859-1 or US-ASCII,
since those values are always assumed by default. Can be a
comma-separated list in descending order of preferences.
VI keys
If set to ON then the lowercase h, j, k, and l keys will be
mapped to left, down, up, and right arrow, respectively. The
uppercase H, J, K, and L keys remain mapped to their configured
bindings (normally HELP, JUMP, KEYMAP, and LIST, respectively).
Emacs keys
If set to ON then the CTRL-P, CTRL-N, CTRL-F, and CTRL-B keys
will be mapped to up-arrow, down-arrow, right-arrow, and
left-arrow, respectively. Otherwise, they remain mapped to
their configured bindings (normally UP_TWO lines, DOWN_TWO
lines, NEXT_PAGE, and PREV_PAGE, respectively).
Keypad as arrows or numbered links
This option gives the choice between navigating with the arrow
keys or having every link numbered so that the links may be
selected by numbers as well as using the arrow keys.
List directory style
Applies to Directory Editing. Files and directories can be
presented in the following ways:
Mixed style
Files and directories are listed together in alphabetical
order.
Directories first
Files and directories are separated into two alphabetical
lists. Directories are listed first.
Files first
Files and directories are separated into two alphabetical
lists. Files are listed first.
Show dot files
If display/creation of hidden (dot) files/directories is
enabled, you can turn the feature on or off via this setting.
User Mode
There are three possible choices: Novice, Intermediate, and
Advanced.
Novice
In Novice mode two lines of help are displayed at the
bottom of the screen.
Intermediate
Intermediate mode turns off the help lines.
Advanced
Advanced mode displays the URL of the currently selected
link at the bottom of the screen.
User Agent
The header string which Lynx sends to servers to indicate the
User-Agent is displayed here. Changes may be disallowed via the
-restrictions switch. Otherwise, the header can be changed
temporarily to a string such as L_y_n_x/2.6 for access to sites
which discriminate against Lynx based on checks for the
presence of "Lynx" in the header. If changed during a Lynx
session, the default User-Agent header can be restored by
deleting the modified string in the Options Menu. Whenever the
User-Agent header is changed, the current document is reloaded,
with the no-cache flags set, on exit from the Options Menu.
Changes of the header are not saved in the RC file.
NOTE that Netscape Communications Corp. has claimed that false
transmissions of "Mozilla" as the User-Agent are a copyright
infringement, which will be prosecuted. DO NOT misrepresent
Lynx as Mozilla. The Options Menu issues a warning about
possible copyright infringement whenever the header is changed
to one which does not include "Lynx" or "lynx".
Local execution scripts or links
Local execution can be activated by the system administrator.
If it has not been activated you will not see this option in
the Options Menu.
When a local execution script is encountered Lynx checks the
users options to see whether the script can be executed. Users
have the following options:
Always off
Local execution scripts will never be executed
For Local files only
Local execution scripts will only be executed if the
script to be executed resides on the local machine, and
is referenced by a URL that begins with file://localhost
Always on
All local execution scripts will be executed
If the users options permit the script to be executed Lynx will
spawn a shell and run the script. If the script cannot be
executed Lynx will show the script within the Lynx window and
inform the user that the script is not allowed to be executed
and will ask the user to check his/her options. [ToC]
10. Comments and mailto: links
At any time while viewing documents within Lynx, you may use the 'c'
command to send a mail message to the owner of the current document if
the author of the document has specified ownership. If no ownership is
specified then comments are disabled. Certain links called mailto:
links will also allow you to send mail to other people. Using the mail
features within Lynx is straightforward.
Once you have decided to send a comment or have selected a mailto:
link a new screen will appear showing you to whom you are sending the
message. Lynx will ask for your name, your e-mail address, and the
subject of the message. If you have filled in the "personal mail
address" field in the Options Menu, your e-mail address will be filled
in automatically. After entering the above information, if you have an
editor defined in the Options Menu and you are not an anonymous user
then your specified editor will be spawned for you so that you can
enter your message. If you do not have an editor defined or you are an
anonymous user, a simple line mode input scheme will allow you to
enter your message.
To finish sending the message, exit your spawned editor or, if you are
using the simple line mode input scheme, type a '.' (period) on a line
by itself. You will be asked a final time whether to send the message.
If you press 'y' then the message will be sent, if you press 'n' the
message will be deleted. [ToC]
11. USENET News posting
While reading news articles with Lynx you should see a link that says
Reply to: user@host and a link that says Followup to: newsgroup(s)
Reply to user@host
user@host will correspond to the mail address of the person who
posted the news article. Selecting the link will allow you to
send a message to the person who wrote the message you are
currently viewing. You will be given the option of including
the original message in your reply.
Followup to newsgroup(s)
Selecting this link will allow you to post back to the
newsgroup that you are currently reading and any newsgroups
that the message may be cross-posted to. You will be given the
option of including the original message in your reply. Once
you have typed in your message the inews program will be called
to post your message to your news host. [ToC]
12. Lynx bookmarks
It is often useful to place a bookmark to aid in returning quickly to
a document. To use the bookmark feature you must first use the Options
Menu to specify a bookmark filename.
To save a bookmark to the document you wish to place in the bookmark
file press the 'a' key and you will be asked
Save D)ocument or L)ink to bookmark file or C)ancel? (d,l,c):
Answer 'd' to save a link to the document you are currently viewing or
'l' to save the link that is currently selected on the page. Selecting
'c' will cancel without saving anything to your bookmark file.
Use the 'v' command to view the list of bookmarks you have saved.
While viewing the bookmark list you may select a bookmark as you would
any other link. You can remove a link from the bookmark list by
pressing the 'r' key when positioned on that link. [ToC]
13. Jump Command
A feature similar to the Lynx bookmarks is the jump command. The jump
command allows you to enter a shortcut name to access a URL. If the
jump feature is active, typing 'j' will produce a prompt where you may
enter the shortcut name. Type '?' at the jump prompt for a list of
shortcut names available.
All jump shortcut entries are saved in a circular buffer, and any
previous entries can be retrieved for re-use by pressing the up-arrow
or down-arrow keys at the prompt.
Note to System Administrators: Read the lynx.cfg file on how to set up
the jump command for your system and how to define shortcut names.
[ToC]
14. Scrolling and Other useful commands
A summary of all the keystroke commands and their key bindings can be
invoked via the KEYMAP command, normally mapped to 'k' and 'K'. The
following describes some of the most commonly used commands.
^A
Control-A jumps you to the beginning of the current document.
It is a synonym for the Keypad Home key, and can be used when
Links are numbered mode is on. The Find Function key also is a
synonym, and ideally the latter has been mapped to the Function
key labeled Home if you are using an IBM Enhanced Keyboard.
^E
Control-E jumps you to the end of the current document. It is a
synonym for the Keypad End key, and can be used when Links are
numbered mode is on. The Select Function key also is a synonym,
and ideally the latter has been mapped to the Function key
labeled End if you are using an IBM Enhanced Keyboard.
^B
Control-B normally jumps you to the previous page of the
current document, and thus is a synonym for the Keypad and
Function Page-Up keys. However, Control-B acts as right-arrow
when emacs-like key movement is enabled (see Lynx Options
Menu).
^F
Control-F normally jumps you to the next page of the current
document, and thus is a synonym for the Keypad and Function
Page-Down keys. However, Control-F becomes right-arrow when
emacs-like key movement is enabled.
^N
Control-N normally jumps you forward two lines in the current
document. The Remove Function key (labeled Delete on IBM
Enhanced keyboards, and distinct from their Backspace key) is a
synonym. Control-N becomes down-arrow when emacs-like key
movement is enabled.
^P
Control-P normally jumps you back two lines in the current
document. The Insert Function key is a synonym. Control-P
becomes up-arrow when emacs-like key movement is enabled.
)
The ) command jumps you forward half a page in the current
document.
(
The ( command jumps you back half a page in the current
document.
#
The '#' command jumps you to the pseudo Toolbar or Banner if
present in the current document. Use left-arrow to return from
there to your previous position in the document.
!
When '!' is pressed your default shell will be spawned. When
you quit or exit the shell you will return to Lynx (usually
exit under Unix and logout under VMS). This command is usually
disabled for anonymous users. On VMS, '$' normally is a
synonym.
g
The 'g' command allows any URL to be viewed. Pressing the 'g'
command will bring up a prompt asking for a URL. Type in the
URL that you wish to view. All previously entered Goto URLs are
saved in a circular buffer, and be accessed at the prompt by
pressing the up-arrow or down-arrow keys.
=
The '=' command shows information about the current document
and the currently selected link if there is one. The number of
lines in the file, URL, title, owner, and type are shown.
^T
Control-T toggles trace mode on and off. This is useful for
diagnosing bad html. If you get a Bad HTML statusline message
when loading a document, enter Control-T and then Control-R to
reload the document in trace mode. You also can submit the
document for validation via links in the online help menu. If
you are able to diagnose the problem, send a message about it
to the document's author.
*
The '*' command toggles image_links mode on and off. When on,
links will be created for all images, including inlines. If you
have an image viewer mapped to the image's MIME type, you can
activate such links to view an inline image. You should
normally have this mode toggled off.
@
The '@' command toggles raw 8-bit or CJK mode on and off. When
on, the charset is assumed to match the selected character set
and 8-bit characters are not reverse translated with respect to
the ISO-8859-1 conversion tables.
[
The '[' command toggles pseudo_inlines mode on and off. When
on, inline images which have no ALT string specified will have
an [INLINE] pseudo-ALT string inserted in the Lynx display.
When off, they will be treated as having ALT="" (i.e., they'll
be ignored). If image_links mode is toggled on, the pseudo-ALT
strings will be restored, to serve as links to the inline
images' sources.
]
The ']' command is used to send HEAD requests for the current
document or link. It applies only to documents or links (or
form submit buttons) of http servers. A statusline message will
notify you if the context for this command was inappropriate.
The HEAD requests always are sent to the http server, i.e.,
Lynx does not retrieve any previous server replies from its
cache. Note that for form submissions, http servers vary in
whether they'll treat HEAD requests as valid and return the CGI
script's headers, or treat it as invalid and return an error
message.
z
Lynx supports completely interruptible I/O processes. Press the
'z' key at any time during a connect or transfer process and
the process will be halted. If any data was transferred before
the interrupt, it will be displayed. [ToC]
Help Web pages. File #18: How to imitate "reply all" feature
Q. In e-mail and while using Chet's Editor (CE), is it possible
to imitate a "reply all" feature found in other softwares?
This isn't found in any of the help menus or pages.
[Note: "reply all" means having the sender's and all cc:'d
email addresses included in one reply messsage.]
A. Yes. Once you're set up to use CE, it's much easier to do.
When you use the r command in email, the To: address will
be the one where the original message came "From:" .
Now, using any way you want to copy text, copy all the
addresses from the original's Cc: line into your replying
message's "Cc:" line. Here's one way of doing this in CE:
a. move the cursor to the first letter of 1st address in
the original's Cc: line.
b. press CTRL/K [stores the line in the "kill" buffer]
c. move the cursor to the reply message's "Cc:" line.
Be sure to leave one space after the ":" !
d. press CTRL/Y ["yanks" back text stored in "kill" buffer]
Answer information provided by azmls@aztec.asu.edu
The Web via AzTeC; and some tips
The World Wide Web on AzTeC (through LYNX browser)
_________________________________________________________________
One of the services that the AzTeC Free-Net offers its members is the
use of World Wide Web access to the Internet. The World Wide Web (WWW
or just "The Web") is only one way to get information from the
Internet. There are many types of software (called browsers) available
for displaying information on the Web (Mosaic, Cello, Netscape, etc.);
the software that AzTeC uses to display Web information is called Lynx.
Lynx is a text-based browser. This means that although some of the
sites on the Web have recorded sounds, technical and scientific
graphs, images of art, the planets, or President Clinton, or even
Socks meowing, we will not be able to see or hear these things when
using the Lynx browser. However, we will be able to see all the
textual information that is available.
How it works:
1. Choose the World Wide Web option from the main menu (currently
option #13).
2. The AzTeC Home Page will come up. Take a look at the layout of the
screen; commands are at the bottom; options for you to pick are
highlighted. Move the highlight with the tab key or the down
arrow. Then select it by pressing enter or the right arrow.
The AzTeC Home Page is still under development but you can see
what is available now (for example the Arts & Entertainment
option, the City of Tempe info, and the Local Information on Other
Servers menu).
3. Choose "Local Information on Other Servers" and you'll get a list
of subjects to choose from. Next, choose Arizona Universities.
Then, choose "Arizona State University Web Server"
---> Choose *help* to get a list of all possible keystroke commands.
4. To exit from the Web, type "q" for quit, then "y" to confirm that
you want to exit.
_________________________________________________________________
Tips
If you get stuck at any point and can't connect to a site or can't
exit, press "z" or "Control G" (Ctrl G). Either of these two commands
should stop what the machine is doing (even if it is waiting to 'time
out'). You will be returned to the screen before the interrupted
command. If you find yourself still stuck, then press "Control C"
(Ctrl C) but then the machine will take you back to square one (back
to the AzTeC main screen) and you will have to start all over again to
choose the Web and re-start browsing it from the beginning.
To mail a file to yourself, or to any valid email address, use the "p"
command and it will give you the option to print to the screen (it
will display the text of the document scrolling on the screen) or
mail. Just be sure to enter your entire AzTeC email address at the
prompt.
Press "Backspace" or "Delete" to get to the History Page. This page is
very valuable because it tells how you got to where you are.
Press "=" to find information about the file you are viewing.
Press "/" to search through a long list of menu items for a subject or
keyword.
Press "i" to access and view the corresponding "index".
[IMAGE] means if you had a browser that was capable of displaying the
image, you would see it on your screen right now. AzTeC members won't
see images because we are using the Lynx browser.
_________________________________________________________________
To search the Web
There are many ways to find information on the Web. One way is to get
to a page with some WWW search options. To find one, follow these
steps from the AzTeC home page.
Choose:
Selected Additional Information
Federal Web Locator (Under the 'government related' section)
Way down at the bottom of the page (hit the space bar several times)
are several search engines to choose from.
At this point read the screen and choose one of the search engines. Be
careful; you may get stuck in a data entry line. If that happens, the
down arrow may input the number 2 in the space rather than move you on
to the next link. Don't worry, use the tab key to continue moving down
the page. Lycos is the name of one of the most popular (and busiest)
search engines. If you decide to use it, choose the most current
catalog. When you see this prompt at the bottom of the screen:
--More-- This is a searchable index. Use 's' to search.
you can press "s" and enter your search terms (genealogy, amateur
radio, hiking, Clinton, job openings, Star Trek, or keywords that
describe whatever you are looking for).
When Lycos completes your search, it will tell you how many items it
has found. Then you need to page down a screen or two to see pointers
to the documents it has found. When the congestion of queries is too
much of a burden because, e.g., some of the Lycos engines are down,
the screen will only show little more than the titles and the Web
addresses pointing at the documents. In any case, don't panic, you
will be able to retrieve all the documents to the screen, one by one,
by first highlighting the address of reference and then pressing
Enter.
If you know that you are going to email more than one document to the
same address, you can save typing by entering the address in the
'Options Screen' that you can access by pressing 'o' any time while
you are using the Lynx browser. Lynx will remember the address until
you quit.
You can exit the WWW at any time by pressing "q" to quit, then "y" to
confirm.
_________________________________________________________________
AzTeC Help Line Volunteer Team Some corrections 11/96
revised 3/13/95 Camille Prat
Help Web pages. File #19: How to search among subject headings
Q. Is here a way to search for keywords among newsgroup and
email subject headings? This would avoid going through
screen after screen of headers...
A. Here are detailed step-by-step instructions. Once you get used to
this, it's much easier and faster. --
HOW TO SEARCH SUBJECT HEADINGS
All searches run downwards, starting from the article marked current.
You can start from any message number; these instructions tell you how
to start from the very top of the list of headings.
(1) When you enter the SIG or Usenet, note *the number of the first
message listed*, at the top of the file list screen.
(2) Type j after the command => prompt and press (return).
(3) At the next prompt, type the number noted in (1) above and hit
(return). This puts you at the top of the list, ready to search;
it does not open the file for reading.
(4) At the command => prompt, type / and press (return).
(5) At the next prompt, type the word, or string of characters, to be
searched for in the Subject Headers of the entries, then press
(return).
(6) If you get a *hit*, AzTeC opens it for you to read. If it's longer
than
one screen and you want to skip it, press q before the article's
end.
(7) Type / after the command => prompt and press (return).
(8) At the prompt, just hit <return> to proceed with the same search.
(9) Keep repeating (6), (7), and (8) until you've finished looking for
those particular characters/words.
10. To hunt for a different set of characters/words, go back to (2).
From: kathee@aztec.asu.edu (K.RUNO)
To: amberlie
Subject: Chet's Editor ... at last!
Date: Sat, 14 Dec
Q. Is there any introductory help on using Chet's Editor (CE)?
A. Thanks to kathee@aztec.asu.edu, who was answering another user's
question, here are some good introductory tips on how to use CE.
She covers a lot of useful ground in this... [slightly edited]
1. How to choose CE as your default editor:
From the main menu, select Communictions Center, then #5, then
#3, then #2, then #1. That will get your system using Chet's Editor.
Next, (VERY important!) BEFORE you get out of that, press "p" to
go back a screen. Save it with #6!!!!! Now you are officially
using Chet's Editor.
2. Using CE.
Now, what do you do???
Well, for starters, you gotta send a "test" letter to me!!!!
From the command==> prompt, type "s" just like you would with the
old style way of sending a letter.
Note how your header shows. You can now edit the header if you
want, even the subject line!
Using your down arrow keys, move your cursor to one line below
the header and begin typing your text. Purposely <or on
accident> make a couple of typos. Keep typing to the next line
or so. Now, pretend that you "just now discovered" that you made
a boo-boo. Now, use your arrow keys and move up to where the
typo is. Make the correction and go back to your working line
and continue on! See how much easier it is?!!!!!
Now, to end the letter is the "trick". You must use Chet's hot
keys to end. No more "###" on a blank line!
Just type: control key "x", control key "c" without of course,
the quotes or the comma! <silly!> (hold down control key, type
x then c.) The system will ask at the bottom of your screen,
"buffer . letter . modified Save [Y/N]?" and you type a "y"
without the quotes <silly!>. This places your letter in a
temporary workfile till you send it in the next step.
Now let's say you thought you were done with the letter, and you
just discovered that you weren't done, and wanted to fix a typo
again that you just noticed on the bottom line, or you remembered
that you wanted to say something else. OK, no problem. At the
prompt after the control x, control c part, just type "n" without
the quotes <silly!> and Chet's let's you back in. You still have
the option of going back in if you want, but this just saves a
step.
OK, now you're ready to send the letter. Now, you type the
control x, control c, and "y". Your next screen is the same
screen you used to see with the old way of sending mail. Pick #1
to send the test mail to me. Or, you might want to go back into
the letter and edit it with #5. If that's the case, you might
want to save some time and to get to the bottom of the screen/
letter. So you use the following hot keys instead of arrowing
down: control v. That brings you down an entire screen.
You will want to practice with someone on how to erase text.
There are a few ways. The best way is to have a piece of email
in front of you.
Pretend I just sent this, and you're ready to reply. Your screen
looks like this:
To: kathee
Subject: Chet's Editor Test
CC:
Reply-To: YOU
>and so I was saying, blah-blah-blah
Here is where you place your cusor to reply to the person. #1,
it is easier for the person receiving the mail to "see" or "find"
it, if you leave a space.
>blah, blah, blah, more stuff to reply to. I am writing so
>many lines of text, that you don't want all of this in your
>reply, but you want to get rid of all this cuz you don't
>think it belongs. But how do I do this if all of this
>text is here. Do I painstakingly take my cursor and try
>to delete each and every character via backspace? What
>a pain in the butt!!!!
So what you do is place your cursor at the first character
of:
>blah, blah
^
|
Then you press control k to delete the remainder of the line.
Go up and try it with your test letter reply.
Okay, so that seems like a pain in the butt too.
No problem! Put your cursor back at the first character of the
line(s) you want to delete. Now, press control u, control k.
This is a default command and will delete 4 lines. Look at the
bottom of your screen while you are using this command. When you
type control u, the bottom of screen says "c-u 4" which is the
default. When you press control k, then the c-k is added. You
are deleting 4 lines to text at this point. Let's say there are
way more than 4 lines you want to delete. No prob! Just insert
the number you want to delete. Try it! Press control u, type
"15" then press control k. You have now deleted 15 lines of
text.
Now, let's say I'm not paying attention to where to stop typing
and I start typing way out in right field. The people you are
writing to can't "see what you are typing! So you've got to fix that in
the reply.
If you are NOT using Chet's Editor, you can't read the above
line. If you ARE using Chet's Editor, you can "retrieve" what
you can't read. Sign up for Chet's, then come back to this and
fix it so you can read it. To do this, place your cursor at the
first character position under the line you can't read. Now
backspace. You are now at the end of the line that I typed
above. Now using your arrow key, move backwards to the $ <dollar
sign silly!> and press enter key. This will bring part of the
text to the next line. Continue doing this till you get all of
the text so it's readable. Simple! You will get this sometimes
on a thread <one that you send back and forth>. Or, if someone
else on Chet's Editor uses the word wrap function. I can't
remember the hot keys to use for it, because I always use the
time at the bottom right of my screen and carriage return at that
point. When using the word wrap, if there is a thread letter
going, you usually will lose a couple of letters when they send
it back to you because of the arrows ">" at the start of the
lines, that Chet's inserts.
[Editor's note: to set the word wrap, first set the right margin by
1) pressing CTRL/x then pressing f . Enter the number of
characters you want in a line (65 is a good choice). Press enter.
2) press in sequence the following keys: ESC, x, w, enter. This
activates the word wrap. This must be reset each time you enter
CE. At this time, there's no way to save it as a permanent feature.]
Work files:
Okay, let's say that you've just read the neatest story on a SIG.
You want to keep it. So, after you type "q" to quit, at the
command, type ">" sign. This will prompt you for a name. Call
it "story" but remember, the system remembers case sensitive, so
if you saved it as "Story" that is how it will be saved.