Grand Canyon Forests Bibliography

Grand Canyon Forests Partnership Bibliography

This bibliography is a compilation of sources of information that relate to the on-going restoration work of the Grand Canyon Forests Partnership. The list of sources is by no means comprehensiv. It is a work in progress and the ultimate product will be shaped largely by the contributions of folks interested in ecosystem restoration, catastrophic fire risk reduction, and enhanced management of the public lands in Flagstaff's urban/wildland interface. All partners and any others who wish to contribute to the bibliography are encouraged to do so. This bibliography was compiled by Ethan Aumack at the Grand Canyon Trust. Please contact Taylor McKinnon with any comments and additional sources to add to the bibliography.

Taylor McKinnon
Grand Canyon Trust
2601 N. Fort Valley Road
Flagstaff, AZ 86001
(520) 774-7488
mckinnon@grandcanyontrust.org

SUBJECT HEADINGS:

Management of fire in the urban/wildlands interface
Ecological restoration in ponderosa pine forests
Wildlife response to ecological restoration in ponderosa pine forests
Ecology / natural history of northern Arizona / Colorado Plateau
Use of fire as a restoration tool
Similar cooperative restoration projects
Background materials on partnership

A. Management of Fire in the Urban/Wildlands Interface

Adams, G.L. 1995. Cooperative efforts in fuels management. In: Proceedings of the Biswell Symposium: Fire issues and solutions in urban interface and wildland ecosystems; 1994 February 15-17; Walnut Creek, CA. USDA, Forest Service, Gen. Tech. Rep.

Bakken, S. 1995. Conflicts between natural resources and structural protection. In: Proceedings of the Biswell Symposium: Fire issues and solutions in urban interface and wildland ecosystems; 1994 February 15-17; Walnut Creek, CA. USDA, Forest Service, Gen. Tech. Rep.

Charles, L. 1995. Social and environmental issues in developing vegetation and fire management plans. In: Proceedings of the Biswell Symposium: Fire issues and solutions in urban interface and wildland ecosystems; 1994 February 15-17; Walnut Creek, CA. USDA, Forest Service, Gen. Tech. Rep.

Cohen, J.D. 1995. Structure Ignition Assessment Model (SIAM). In: Proceedings of the Biswell Symposium: Fire issues and solutions in urban interface and wildland ecosystems; 1994 February 15-17; Walnut Creek, CA. USDA, Forest Service, Gen. Tech. Rep.

Coleman, R.J. 1995. Structural wildland intermix. In: Proceedings of the Biswell Symposium: Fire issues and solutions in urban interface and wildland ecosystems; 1994 February 15-17; Walnut Creek, CA. USDA, Forest Service, Gen. Tech. Rep.

Davis, J.B. 1990. The wildand-urban interface: paradise or battleground. Journal of Forestry 48(1):26-31.

Davis, J.B. and J. Marker. 1987. The wildland/urban fire problem. Fire Command (January):26-27.

Ewert, A.W., D.J. Chavez, and A.W. Magill (eds.). 1993. Culture, conflict, and communication in the wildland-urban interface. Westview Press, Boulder, CO.

Folkman, W.S. 1979. Urban users of wildland areas as forest fire risks. USDA, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station.

Groves, Guy R. 1988. County land-use planning, how planners help the fire service in protecting homes from wildfire. In: Proceedings, sympoium and workshop on protecting people and homes from wildfire in the interior west; 1987 October 6-8; Missoula, MT. USDA, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, CO. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-251.

Heilman, W.E., J.S. Fried, W.A. Main, and D.M. Paananen. 1995. Helping wildland-urban interface residents reduce wildfire hazards. In: Proceedings of the Biswell Symposium: Fire issues and solutions in urban interface and wildland ecosystems; 1994 February 15-17; Walnut Creek, CA. USDA, Forest Service, Gen. Tech. Rep.

Hodgson, R.W. 1995. Strategies for and barriers to public adoption of fire safe behavior. In: Proceedings of the Biswell Symposium: Fire issues and solutions in urban interface and wildland ecosystems; 1994 February 15-17; Walnut Creek, CA. USDA, Forest Service, Gen. Tech. Rep.

Irwin, R.L. 1987. Local planning considerations for the wildland-structural intermix in the year 2000. In: Proceedings of the symposium on wildland fire 2000; 1987 April 27-30; South Lake Tahoe, CA. USDA, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-101.

Johnson, M.A. and M. Mullenix. 1995. Institutionalizing fire safety in making land use and development decisions. In: Proceedings of the Biswell Symposium: Fire issues and solutions in urban interface and wildland ecosystems; 1994 February 15-17; Walnut Creek, CA. USDA, Forest Service, Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-158.

Martin, R.E. and D.B. Sapsis. 1995. A synopsis of large or disastrous wildland fires. In: Proceedings of the Biswell Symposium: Fire issues and solutions in urban interface and wildland ecosystems; 1994 February 15-17; Walnut Creek, CA. USDA, Forest Service, Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-158.

Moore, H.E. 1981. Protecting residences from wildfires: A guide for homeowners, lawmakers, and planners. USDA, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-50.

Nehoda, K. 1995. Prescribed fire: Why aren't we doing more? A state perspective. In: Proceedings of the Biswell Symposium: Fire issues and solutions in urban interface and wildland ecosystems; 1994 February 15-17; Walnut Creek, CA. USDA, Forest Service, Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-158.

Rice, C.L., and J.B. Davis. 1991. Land-use planning may reduce fire damage in the urban-wildland intermix. USDA, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station.

USDA. 1997. Arizona's wildland-urban interface: national forest fuels reduction treatment proposals. USDA, Forest Service, Southwestern Region.

USDA. 1996. The Biswell Symposium: Fire issues and solutions in urban interface and wildland ecosystems. February 15-17, 1994, Walnut Creek, CA. USDA, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station.

Walt, Harold R. 1989. Current and future wildland fire protection impacts of the wildland-urban interface. In: Berg, N.H. (tech. coord.): Proceedings of the Symposium on fire and watershed management; 1988 October 26-28; Sacramento, CA. USDA, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-109.

WEB SITE: http//:www.neotecinc.com - provides general information re: fire in the wildland-urban interface. Also provides good links to other related sites.

White, D. 1995. Neighborhood organization activities: Evacuation drills, clusters, and fire safety awareness. In: Proceedings of the Biswell Symposium: Fire issues and solutions in urban interface and wildland ecosystems; 1994 February 15-17; Walnut Creek, CA. USDA, Forest Service, Gen. Tech. Rep.

White, R.H. and M.A. Dietenberger. 1995. Modern test methodologies for building materials. In: Proceedings of the Biswell Symposium: Fire issues and solutions in urban interface and wildland ecosystems; 1994 February 15-17; Walnut Creek, CA. USDA, Forest Service, Gen. Tech. Rep.

B. Ecological Restoration in Ponderosa Pine Forests

Aleshire, P. In search of a sustainable ecosystem: Report on a tour of forest lands in Arizona and Utah by scientists, policy makers, and land managers. Unpublished. From: Southwest Forest Research Consortium, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ. 9 p.

Arno, S.F., M.G. Harrington, C.E. Fiedler, and C.E. Carlson. 1995. Restoring fire-dependent ponderosa pine forests in western Montana. Restoration and Management Notes 13(1):32-36.

Arno, S.F. 1988. Fire ecology and its management implications in ponderosa pine forests. In: Symposium Proceedings Ponderosa pine, the species and its management. Baumgartner, D.M., and J.E. Loran (eds.). Pullman, WA: Washington State University. 133-140.

Arnold, J.F. 1950. Changes in ponderosa pine bunch grass ranges in Northern Arizona resulting from pine regeneration and grazing. Journal of Forestry 48:118-126.

Aronson, J., C. Floret, E. LeFloc'h, C. Ovalle and R. Pontanier. 1993. Restoration and rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems in arid and semiarid regions. I. A view from the south. Restoration Ecology 1: 8-17.

Avery, C.C., F.R. Larson, and Schubert, G.H. 1976. Fifty year records of virgin stand development in Southwestern ponderosa pine. USDA, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. General Technical Report. RM-22. Fort Collins, CO: 71.

BLM. 1997. Mount Trumbull resource conservation area, Rye Flat unit, ponderosa pine ecosystem restoration. Bureau of Land Management. 103 pages.

Baker, M.B. 1987. Selection of silvicultural systems for water, In: Ponderosa pine the species and its management. Symposium Proceedings. Baumgartner, D.M. Lotan, J.E., (eds)., Spokane, WA. Sept. 1987, Pullman, WA: Washington State University.

Baker, M.B. 1986. Effects of ponderosa pine treatments on water yield in Arizona. Water Resources Research, Vol. 22, No. 1, 67-73.

Biswell, H.H., H.R. Kaliander, R. Komarck, R.J. Vogl, and H. Weaver. 1973. Ponderosa pine management: a task force evaluation of controlled burning in ponderosa pine forests of central Arizona. Tall Timbers Research Station Miscellaneous Publication No. 2, Tallahassee, FL: Tall Timbers Research Station.

Busse, M.D., P.H. Cochran and J.W. Barrett. 1996. Changes in ponderosa pine site productivity following removal of understory vegetation. Soil Science Society of America Journal 60:1614.

Clark, L.R. and R.N. Sampson. 1995. Forest ecosystem health in the Inland West: A science and policy reader. American Forests Publications. Washington, D.C.

Clary, W.P., and P.F. Folliott. 1969. Water holding capacity of ponderosa pine forest floor layers. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation. 24(1):22-23.

Cochran, P.H., J.W. Barrett. 1995. Growth and mortality of ponderosa pine poles thinned to various densities in the Blue Mountains of Oregon. Research Paper PNW-RP-483. Portland, OR: USDA, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station.

Cooper, C.F. 1960. Changes in vegetation, structure, and growth of southwestern pine forest since white settlement. Ecological Monographs 30(2):129-164.

Covington, W.W., P.Z. Fule, M.M. Moore, S.C. Hart, T.E. Kolb, J.N. Mast, S.S. Sackett, and M.R. Wagner. 1997. Restoring ecosystem health in ponderosa pine forests of the southwest. Journal of Forestry 95:4. 23-29.

Covington, W.W. and P.K. Wagner.(tech coords.). 1996. Conference on adaptive ecosystem restoration and management: restoration of cordilleran conifer landscapes of North America, June 6-8, 1996. USDA, Forest Service. General Technical Report RM-GTR-278, 91.

Covington, W.W. 1996. Implementing adaptive ecosystem restoration and management in long-needled pine forests. In: Covington, W. and P.K. Wagner (tech. coords.). 1996. Conference on Adaptive Ecosystem Restoration and Management: Restoration of Cordilleran Conifer Landscapes of North America, June 6-8, 1995, Flagstaff, AZ. USDA, Forest Service, General Technical Report RM-GTR-278.

Covington, W.W., P.Z. Fule, M.M. Moore, S.C. Hart, T.E. Kolb, J.N. Mast, S.S. Sackett, and M.R. Wagner. 1995. Restoring ecosystem health in ponderosa pine forests of the southwest. Journal of Forestry 95:4. 23-29.

Covington, W.W., and M.M. Moore. 1994. Changes in multiresource conditions in ponderosa pine forests since Euro-American settlement. Journal of Forestry 92(1):39-47.

Covington, W.W. and M.M. Moore. 1994. Post-settlement changes in natural fire regimes and forest structure: Ecological restoration of old-growth ponderosa pine forests. Journal of Sustainable Forestry. 2:153-181.

Covington, W.W. 1994. Implications for ponderosa pine/bunchgrass ecological systems. In: Covington, W.W. and L.F. Deeano (tech. Coords.). Sustainable ecological systems: Implementing an ecological approach to land management; 1993. USDA, Forest Service. Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station General Technical Report. RM-247. Fort Collins, CO: 92-97.

Covington, W.W. and M.M. Moore. 1994. Southwestern ponderosa pine forest structure: Changes since Euro-American settlement. Journal of Forestry 92:39.

Covington, W.W. and M.M. Moore. 1992. Postsettlement changes in natural fire regimes: Implications for restoration of old-growth ponderosa pine forests. In: M.R. Kaufmann, W.H. Moir, and R.L. Bassett (tech. coords.), Old growth forests in the Southwest, Proceedings of a workshop. USDA, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station General Technical Report. RM-213. 81-99.

Cummings, W.H., editor. 1967. Ponderosa pine regeneration and silvics references. Cooperative State Research Service. USDA. Washington, D.C.

Edminster, C.B. and W.K. Olsen. 1996. Thinning as a tool for restoring and maintaining stand structure in stands of Southwestern ponderosa pine. In: Covington, W. and P.K. Wagner (tech. coords.). 1996. Conference on Adaptive Ecosystem Restoration and Management: Restoration of Cordilleran Conifer Landscapes of North America, June 6-8, 1995, Flagstaff, AZ. USDA, Forest Service, General Technical Report RM-GTR-278.

Evans, K.E., tech coord. 1997. Research needs for forest and rangeland management in Arizona and New Mexico. RM-GTR-291. Fort Collins, CO: USDA, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 27 p.

Everett, R., and P.Hessburg, M. Jensen, B. Bormann. 1994. Eastside forest ecosystem health assessment. Volumes 1-5 USDA, National Forest System and Forest Service Research. Washington Office, Washington, D.C.

Everett, R.L. and D.M. Baumgartner. 1994. Ecosystem management in western interior forests - symposium proceedings. May 3-5, 1994 at the AG Trade Center, Spokane, WA. Forestry Publications, Washington State University, Pullman, WA.

Ffolliott, P.F. and G.J. Gottfried. 1991. Natural tree regeneration after clearcutting in Arizona's ponderosa pine forests: two long-term case studies. USFS, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. Research Note RM-507.

Fiedler, C.E., S.F. Arno, and M.G. Harrington. 1996. Flexible silvicultural and prescribed burning approaches for improving health of ponderosa pine forests. In: Covington, W. and P.K. Wagner (tech. coords.). 1996. Conference on Adaptive Ecosystem Restoration and Management: Restoration of Cordilleran Conifer Landscapes of North America, June 6-8, 1995, Flagstaff, AZ. USDA, Forest Service, General Technical Report RM-GTR-278.

Fiedler, C.E., R.R. Becker, and S.A. Haglund. 1988. Preliminary guidelines for uneven-aged silvicultural prescriptions in ponderosa pine. In: Symposium Proceedings, Ponderosa pine: The species and its management. Baumgartner, D.M. and Lotan, J.E. (eds.) Pullman, WA: Washington State University. 235-241.

Fox, B.E., L.D. Garrett, W.F. Stansfield. 1993? An assessment of Arizona's timber resources. Unpublished. Northern Arizona University School of Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ.

Fule, P.Z., W.W. Covington, and M.M. Moore. 1993. Scaling sample plots to estimate patch characteristics in southwestern ponderosa pine. Paper presented at the Eighth Annual Landscape Ecology Symposium, March 24-27, 1993, Oak Ridge, TN.

Garrett, L.D., J.R. Ellenwood, M.H. Soulen. Changing forest ecosystems in the southwest: The North Kaibab. 1995. Unpublished. Northern Arizona School of Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ.

Gruell, G.E., W.C. Schmidt, S.F. Arno, and W.J. Reich. 1982. Seventy years of vegetative change in a managed ponderosa pine forest in Western Montana - Implications for resource management. USDA, Forest Service. General Technical Report. INT-130. 42.

Harper, K.T., F.J. Wagstaff and L.M. Kunzler. 1985. Biology and management of the Gambel oak vegetation type: a literature review. USFS, Intermountain Research Station, Ogden. General Technical Report INT-179.

Harrington, M.G. and S.S. Sackett. 1990. Using fire as a management tool in southwestern ponderosa pine. Pages 122-133 in: Effects of fire management on southwestern natural resources. USFS, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins. General Technical Report, RM-191.

Heidemann, L.J. 1977. Silvicultural control of dwarf mistletoe in heavily infected stands of ponderosa pine in the Southwest. USDA, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Research Paper. RM-36. Fort Collins, CO.

Heidmann, L.J. 1983. Silvicultural control of dwarf mistletoe in southwestern ponderosa pine. USDA, Forest Service Research Note RM-133.4.

Hunter, M.L. 1990. Wildlife, Forest and Forestry: Principles of Management Forest for Biological Diversity. Engelwood Cliffs, NJ. Regents/Prentice Hall.

Johnson, D.W.. and F.G. Hawksworth. 1985. Dwarf mistletoes - candidates for control. In: Insect and Disease Conditions in the United States 1979-1983 - What Wlse is Growing in Our Forests. Robert C. Loomis, Susan Tucker, and Thomas H. Hofacker (eds), USDA, Forest Service General Technical Report WO-46.93.

Johnson, M. 1995. Changes in southwestern forests: stewardship implications. USFS, Southwest Region, Albuquerque.

Kaufmann, M.R., R.T. Graham, D.A. Boyce, W.H. Moir, L. Perry, R.T. Rneynoids, R.L. Bassett, P. Melhop, C.D. Edminster, W. M. Block, and P.S. Corn. 1994. An ecological basis for ecosystem management. USDA, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. General Technical Report RM-246, Fort Collins, CO.

Kolb, T.E., M.R. Wagner and W.W. Covington. 1994. Concepts of forest health: utilitarian and ecosystem perspectives. Journal of Forestry 92(7):10-15.

Lightle, P.C., and F.G. Hawksworth. 1973. Control of dwarf mistletoe in a heavily used Ponderosa pine recreation forest: Grand Canyon, Arizona. USDA, Forest Service Research Paper RM-106.

MacCleery, D.W. 1995. The way to a healthy future for national forest ecosystems in the West: What role can silviculture and prescribed fire play? In: Eskew, L.G., Comparing Forest Health through Silviculture. Proceedings of the 1995 National Silviculture Workshop; 1995; Mescalero, NM. USDA, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, General Technical Report. RM-267. Fort Collins, CO: 37-45.

Maffei, H. and J. Bearry. 1988. Changes in the incidence of dwarf mistletoe over 30 years in the Southwest. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-sixth Annual Western International Forest Disease Work Conference, Bart J. van der Kamp (ed.). Park City, UT: University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. 88-90.

Minor, C.O. 1964. Site-index curves for young-growth ponderosa pine in Northern Arizona USDA, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. Research Note RM-37. Fort Collins, CO: 8.

O'Hara, K.L., R.S. Seymore, S.D. Tesch, and J.M. Guldin. 1994. Silviculture and our changing profession, leadership for shifting paradigms. Journal of Forestry 92(1):8-13.

Ogden, G. 1976. The United States Forest Service: a historical bibliography, 1876-1972. Agricultural History Center, Davis, CA.

Oliver, W.W. 1995. Is self-thinning in ponderosa pine ruled by Dendroctonus bark beetles? In: Eske, L.G. Forest health through agriculture. Proceedings of the 1995 National Silviculture Workshop. May 8-11, 1995. Mescalero, NM. USDA, Forest Service, General Technical Report RM-267. Fort Collins, CO.

Oliver, C.D. 1994. A portfolio approach to landscape management: An economically, ecologically, and socially sustainable approach to forestry. In: Innovative Silvicultural Systems in Boreal Forests, Proceedings of a conference held on October 4-8, 1994, Edmonton AL, Canada. Canadian Forest Service, Edmonton, Alberta.

Oliver, C.D., D.E. Ferguson, A.E. Harvey, H.S. Malany, J.M. Mandzak, and R.W. Mutch. 1994. Managing ecosystems for forest health: An approach and the effects of uses on values. Journal of Sustainable Forestry 2(1/2):113-133.

Pearson, G.A. 1950. Management of ponderosa pine in the Southwest, as developed by research and experimental practice. USDA, Forest Service, Agriculture Monograph No. 6, 218 p.

Rapport, D.J. and S.B. Yazvenko. 1996. Ecosystem distress syndrome in ponderosa pine forests. In: Covington, W. and P.K. Wagner (tech. coords.). 1996. Conference on Adaptive Ecosystem Restoration and Management: Restoration of Cordilleran Conifer Landscapes of North America, June 6-8, 1995, Flagstaff, AZ. USDA, Forest Service, General Technical Report RM-GTR-278.

Richter, B.D., J.V. Baumgartner, J. Powell and D.P. Braun. 1996. A method for assessing hydrologic alteration within ecosystems. Conservation Biology 10:1163-1174.

Rogers, P. 1996. Disturbance ecology and forest management: a review of the literature. USFS, Intermountain Research Station.

Sample, V.A., A.S. Cheng, M.J. Enzer, and M.A. Moore. 1995. Regional perspectives on building partnerships for ecosystem management on mixed ownership landscapes. American Forests Publications. Washington, D.C.

Sample, V.A. and A. DiNicola. 1994. Land stewardship contracts: Issues and opportunities. American Forests Publications. Washington, D.C.

Sampson, R.N. 1997. Forest management, wildfire and climate change policy issues in the 11 western states. American Forests Publications. Washington, D.C.

Sampson, R.N. and D.L. Adams (eds). 1994. Assessing Forest Ecosystem Health in the Inland West. Food Products Press and Imprint of the Haworth Press, Inc., Binghamton, NY.

Sampson, R.N. and L.A. DeCoster (eds.). 1998. Forest health in the United States. American Forests Publications. Washington, D.C.

Sartwell, C., R.E. Stevens. 1975. Mountain pine beetle in ponderosa pine - prospects for silvicultural control in second-growth stands. Journal of Forestry 73:136-140.

Schmid, J.M., S.A. Mata, and R.A. Obedzinski. 1994. Hazard rating ponderosa pine stands for mountain pine beetles in the Black Hills. Research Note RM-527. Rocky Mtn. For. And Rge. Exp. Sta., Ft. Collins, CO.

Schmid, J.M. 1987. Partial cutting in MPB-susceptible pine stands: Will it work and for how long? In: Troendle, C.A., Kaufmann, M.R., Hamre, R.H., Winokur, R.P. (tech. coords.). Management of subalpine forests: Building on 50 years of research - Proceedings of a technical conference; 1987: Silver Creek, CO. USDA, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. General Technical Report. RM-149. Fort Collins, CO: 243-245.

Schubert, G.H. 1974. Silviculture of Southwestern ponderosa pine. The status of our knowledge. USDA, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. Research Paper RM-123. Fort Collins, CO: 71.

Schuster, E.G., W.J. McGinnis, W.L. Stewart. 1996. Economic indicator maps for rural development in the interior west. USDA, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, General Technical Report INT-GTR-330.

Smith, D.M. 1994. Silvicultural perspectives: have we been here before? What did we learn? In: Society of American Foresters. Foresters together: Meeting tomorrow's challenges. Proceedings of the 1993 Society of American Foresters National Convention: 1993. In: Bethesda, MD. Society of American Foresters. 216-221.

Southwest Forest Alliance. 1994. Forests Forever. Sothwest Forest Alliance, Flagstaff, AZ: 34.

Steedman, R.J. 1994. Ecosystem health as a management goal. Journal of North American Benthological Society. 13(4):605-610.

Taylor, R. 1996. Mt. Trumbull ecosystem restoration project. In: Covington, W. and P.K. Wagner (tech. coords.). 1996. Conference on Adaptive Ecosystem Restoration and Management: Restoration of Cordilleran Conifer Landscapes of North America, June 6-8, 1995, Flagstaff, AZ. USDA, Forest Service, General Technical Report RM-GTR-278.

Tecle, A. 1991. Hydrology and watershed management in southwestern ponderosa pine forests, in: Tecle, A. and W.W. Covington (eds.). Multiresource management of southwestern ponderosa pine forests: the status of knowledge. USFS, Southwestern Region, Albuquerque.

Tecle, A. and W.W. Covington. 1991. Multiresource management of southwestern ponderosa pine forests: the status of our knowledge. USFS, Southwestern Region, Albuquerque.

Tecle, A., W.W. Covington, D.B. Wood and B.E. Fox. 1989. Conflict resolution in multiresource forest management via multiobjective analysis. Pages 247-258 in: Tecle, A., W.W. Covington and R.H. Hamre (eds.). Multiresource management of ponderosa pine forests. USFS, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins. General Technical Report, RM-185.

Tecle, A. et al. 1991. Field guide for multiresource management of southwestern ponderosa pine forests. USFS, Southwestern region. 101 pages.

Toman, M.A. and P.M.S. Ashton. 1996. Sustainable forest ecosystems and management: a review article. Forest Science 42:366-377.

USDA, Forest Service. 1993. Changing conditions in southwestern forests and implications on land stewardship. USFS, Southwestern region, Albuquerque. 8 pages.

USDA, Forest Service. 1992. Ecology Based Multiple-use management. Southwestern Region, Albuquerque, NM and Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. Fort Collins, CO: 5.

USDA, Forest Service. 1995. Landscape Aesthetics - A handbook for scenery management. Agriculture Handbook Number 701. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C.

USDI, Bureau of Land Management. 1998. Mount Trumbull resource conservation area: Ponderosa pine ecosystem restoration (Environmental assessment). BLM Arizona Strip field office No. EA-AZ-010-98-06.

Walters, C.J. and C.S. Holling. 1990. Large-scale management experiments and learning by doing. Ecology 71(6):2, p. 60-68.

White, A.S. 1985. Presettlement regeneration patterns in a southwestern ponderosa pine stand. Ecology 66: 589-94.

Wilson, J.L. and B.M. Tkacz. 1996. Historical perspectives on forest insects and pathogens in the Southwest: Implications for restoration of ponderosa pine and mixed conifer forests. In: Covington, W. and P.K. Wagner (tech. coords.). 1996. Conference on Adaptive Ecosystem Restoration and Management: Restoration of Cordilleran Conifer Landscapes of North America, June 6-8, 1995, Flagstaff, AZ. USDA, Forest Service, General Technical Report RM-GTR-278.

Yancey, M. Undated. Benefits of forest thinning in the Western U.S. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO.

C. Wildlife Response to Ecological Restoration in Ponderosa Pine Forests

Alcoze, T. 1996. Restoring synergistic human-wildlife systems: Managing ecosystem complexity for the 2^st century. In: Covington, W. and P.K. Wagner (tech. coords.). 1996. Conference on Adaptive Ecosystem Restoration and Management: Restoration of Cordilleran Conifer Landscapes of North America, June 6-8, 1995, Flagstaff, AZ. USDA, Forest Service, General Technical Report RM-GTR-278.

Arizona Game and Fish Department. 1993. Arizona game-and-fish department review of U.S. Forest Service strategy for managing Northern goshawk hawk habitat in the Southwestern United States. Arizona Game and Fish Department.

Baida, R.P. 1975. Vegetation structure and breeding bird diversity. In: Proceedings Symposium on management of forest and range habits for nongame birds. General Technical Reports WO-1. USDA, Forest Service, Washington, D.C. 59-80.

Bright-Smith. D.J., and R.W. Mannan. 1994. Habitat use by breeding male Northen goshawks. Studies in Avian Biology. 16:58-65.

Dewhurst, S.M., W.W. Covington and D.B. Wood. 1995. Developing a model for adaptive ecosystem management: Goshawk management on Arizona's Kaibab Plateau. Journal of Forestry 93(12):35-41.

Fatten, D.R. 1984. A model to evaluate Abert squirrel habitat in uneven-aged ponderosa pine. Wildlife Society Bulletin. 12:408-414.

Ganey, J.L. and J.L. Dick. 1995. Habitat relationships of the Mexican spotted owl. In: USDI, Recovery plan for the Mexican spotted owl. Vol. II. Albuquerque, NM: Chapter 4.

Gaud, W.S. 1994. Characteristics of ponderosa pines and Aberts squirrel herbivory. Southwestern Naturalist 39:89.

Hoffman, R.W., H.G. Shaw, M.A. Ruble, B.F. Wakeling, C.M. Mollohan, S.D. Schemnitz, R. Engel-Wilson, and D.A. Hengel. 1993. Mangement guidelines for Merriam wild turkeys. Colorado Division of Wildlife in cooperation with the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. Division Report no. 18.

Miller, R. 1996. The need for diversity and acceptable risk. In: Covington, W. and P.K. Wagner (tech. coords.). 1996. Conference on Adaptive Ecosystem Restoration and Management: Restoration of Cordilleran Conifer Landscapes of North America, June 6-8, 1995, Flagstaff, AZ. USDA, Forest Service, General Technical Report RM-GTR-278.

Reynolds, R.T., W.M. Block, and D.A. Boyce. 1996. Using ecological relationships of wildlife as templates for restoring Southwestern forests. In: Covington, W. and P.K. Wagner (tech. coords.). 1996. Conference on Adaptive Ecosystem Restoration and Management: Restoration of Cordilleran Conifer Landscapes of North America, June 6-8, 1995, Flagstaff, AZ. USDA, Forest Service, General Technical Report RM-GTR-278.

Reynolds, R.T., R.T. Graham, M.H. Reiser, R.L. Bassett, P.L. Kennedy, D.A. Boyce, G. Goodwin, R. Smith, and E.L. Fisher. 1992. Management recommendations for the northern goshawk in the southwestern United States. USDA, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. General Technical Report. RM-217. Fort Collins, Co:90.

Ronco, R., C.B. Edminster, and D.P. Trujillo. 1985. Growth of ponderosa pine thinned to different stocking levels in Northern Arizona. USDA, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station Research Paper. RM-262. Fort Collins, CO: 15.

Savage, M. 1991. Structural dynamics of a southwestern pine forest under chronic human influence. Annals of the Assoc. Am. Geogr. 81:271-289.

Schoen, J.W., O.C. Wallmo, and M.D. Kirchhoff. 1981. Wildlife - Forest Relationships: Is a reevaluation of old growth necessary? In: Transactions of 46^th North American Wildlife Conference. 531-544.

Seamans, M.E. and R.J. Gutierrez. 1995. Breeding habitat ecology of the Mexican spotted owls in the Tularosa Mountains, New Mexico. Condor 97:944-952.

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White, C.S. 1986. Effects of prescribed fire on rates of decomposition and nitrogen mineralization in a ponderosa pine ecosystem. Biology and Fertility of Soils 2:87-95.

Williams, J.T., R.G. Schmidt, R.A. Norum, P.N. Omi, R.G. Lee. 1993. Fire-related considerations and strategies in support of ecosystem management. USDA, Forest Service Staffing Paper, Washington, D.C.

Wright, H.A. 1990. Role of fire in the management of Southwestern ecosystems. In: Krammes, J.S. (tech. coord.). Effects of fire management of Southwestern resources. Proceedings of the symposium; 1988: Tucson, AZ: USDA, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. General Technical Report. RM-191. Fort Collins, CO: I-5.

Zule, P.Z., M.M. Moore, and W.W. Covington. Changes in Ponderosa pine - Gambel oak forest structure following fire regime disruption in Northern Arizona: Camp Navajo old-growth forest study. Northern Arizona University School of Forestry. Flagstaff, AZ

Zwolinski, M.J. and J.H. Ehrenreich. 1967. Prescribed burning on Arizona watersheds. Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference 7:195-205.

F. Similar Cooperative Restoration Projects

Winiger Ridge Ecosystem Management Pilot Project

Purpose: To "work collaboratively with interested people to reduce the potential for catastrophic insect, disease, and fire events while improving overall ecosystem conditions in the project area".

Project Area: 38,000 acres of public and private lands in south-central Boulder County, CO.

Partners: U.S. Forest Service, Colorado State Forest Service, Boulder County, City of Boulder, Boulder County Fire Fighters Association, interested citizens.

Contact:
Paula Volkin
637 South Broadway
Box 135
Boulder, CO
80303-5932
(303) 554-9530

Ponderosa Pine Partnership

Purpose: To explore the potential benefits of forest restoration and rural development in Montezuma County, Colorado.

Project Area: Montezuma County, Colorado. As of July 1998 the partnership has completed forest restoration studies on six areas of the Mancos-Dolores District of the San Juan National Forest.

Partners: Montezuma County, San Juan National Forest, Ft. Lewis College, Colorado Timber Industry Association, and the Colorado State Forest Service, College of Natural Resources and Cooperative Extension at Colorado State University.

Contact:
Dr. Dennis Lynch, Department of Forest Sciences, Colorado State University
Dr. William Romme, Fort Lewis College

G. Background Materials on Partnership (eg. business plan, guide, etc.) as well as Literature Published by the Partnership Throughout the Restoration Process.

Daugherty, P.J., and R. Church. 1996. Economic analysis of the A-1 Mountain project as a pilot project for Grand Canyon Trust Forest Forever Foundation. Northern Arizona University School of Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ.

Mater Engineering, Ltd. 1998. Phase I business plan development for the Grand Canyon Forests Partnership.

USFS and the Grand Canyon Forests Foundation. 1998. A guide to the Grand Canyon Forests Partnership: Working together in Flagstaff's urban wildland interface.

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